Industry analysis performing arts Essay Example For Students

Industry investigation performing expressions Essay History of neighborhood Performing Arts In the nineteenth century, the performing expressions were given to the American open only by business or novice specialists and associations. In contrast to Europe during this period, there was basically no administration backing of expressions of the human experience and next to no convention Of high society support. (I) Most performing expressions bunches were for-right now ventures oversaw by singular proprietors. They made little qualification between the high expressions and famous expressions as far as either programming or crowds and performed to blended groups that connected with from the attempting to the privileged. 1) In the primary long stretches of the twentieth century, the business visiting organizations started to decrease. Numerous exclusive live performing expressions associations vanished even with the new advancements ?first film, at that point recorded music, radio, and eventually TV. (1) By end of backtalk there were more than 1000 non-business theaters remembering school and network theaters for the U. S. Government Theater venture Produced wonderful assortment and nature of creations done with, various types of continuous tasks and organizations. In the end congress tested the substance of creations as rebellious purposeful publicity and risky. (2) Nevada was positioned number by development in number of not-for-profit theaters from 1990-2005 (3) Based on a grown-up populace (18*) of 185. 8 million, an expected 25. 1 million U. S. Grown-ups went to live Stage plays in 1992, contrasted with 20 million out of 1982 when the grown-up populace was 164 million. (3) Great Recession misfortunes were quick and quantifiable: The two-year decrease in the Index, from 2007 to 2009, was gadget as extensive as the increases made during the previous four years, somewhere in the range of 2003 and 2007 (4) Expressions of the human experience enterprises keep on following the countries business cycle: While it might be nothing unexpected that human expressions track the economy, the vast majority are ignorant of the size Of the area. Expressions of the human experience are a monetary power of 113,000 charitable expressions associations and about 800,000 additional expressions organizations, 2. 2 million craftsmen in the workforce, in addition to billions of dollars in customer spending, The Index is solid when shopper certainty and GAP development are solid. (4) National Performing Arts Industry Arts participation starts to bounce back: In 2010, 32 percent of the grown-up populace went to a performing expressions occasion (LIP from 28 percent in 2009); (4) Noteworthy development in the quantity Of not-for-profit expressions associations: The quantity Of charitable expressions associations kept on developing, arriving at 1 13,000 out of 2010. In the previous decade, the quantity Of charitable expressions associations grew 49 percent (76,000 to 113,000), a more prominent rate than every single not-for-profit association, which grew 32 percent (I . 2 million to 1. 6 million). (4) Arts associations cultivate innovativeness and enterprise: Arts associations are homes to new thoughts and creative pioneers. Somewhere in the range of 2005 and 2010, there was a 14 percent expansion in the quantity of new show, theater, film, and ensemble arks-?a noteworthy 1,025 debuts in 2010 alone. 4) The Index is set to a base score of 100 out of 2003; each point distinction is a one percent change jog that year. There is no highest list score, however higher is better, A score of 125 would pass on that expressions are all the more profoundly coordinated as a basic segment of society than during the previous decade portrayed by solid monetary wellbeing, plentiful limit, development, overwhelming interest, and an essential serious situation in American culture. (8) The 2012 National Arts Index conveys a 2010 score of the wellbeing and imperativeness of he expressions in the US. A years ago report gives testimony regarding how expressions of the human experience segment fared during the Great Recession. In 2010, the record rose somewhat from a changed 96. 3 to 96. 7 The U. S. Performing expressions industry is bolstered by about 8,840 associations with an aggregate Of 127,648 paid laborers. These associations produce about 513. 6 billion in yearly incomes, as indicated by late gauges. (10) Americans as of late spent a yearly aggregate of $14. 5 billion on performing expressions confirmations. (10) On some random day, 1. 5 million Americans go to expressions exhibitions, normally with family or companions. 0) Local Performing Arts Industry human expressions and culture segment speaks to a significant industry with extensive multiplier impacts on territorial economies, making a huge number of dollars in monetary action and expense income and more than 1 1,000 immediate and aberrant employments in the Lass Vegas Valley in 2007. (II) The arrival on speculation h as been determined broadly to be in excess of multiple times that of every dollar contributed. The neighborhood return is evaluated to be a lot higher, given that numerous specialists traverse into the business amusement area related with the gaming business.

When Some Cities Tend to Modernize and Others Tend to Conserve Traditionalism?

Presentation It can happen that occasionally you have an individual contest with a relative, companion or neighbor, or a lawful debate including business. There are three primary ways as options in contrast to going to court to determine a question in China: arrangement, intervention and mediation, they are ADR. ADR implies â€Å"Alternative Dispute Resolution† and it alludes to different procedures, ordinarily utilized in common law custom, which share practically speaking the point of a superior correspondence between the gatherings during a question and the sparing in administrative and legitimate time, cost and stress (Bevan, 1992).We can unmistakably recognize the upsides of the ADR, contrasting with the conventional debate settlement at court. ADR forms are snappier, as they can be organized inside days or weeks instead of months or years (case of one case in suit). They are likewise more affordable, as prior settlements spare administrative time and they are private. Th ey are willful, which implies that the gatherings are allowed to exit each time without meddling the legitimate strategies and their privileges (Bevan, 1992). Intercession, one of the most utilized ADR, includes an unbiased outsider, called a middle person, to help the questioning gatherings to arrive at an agreement.Mediation in China has been existed in China for over 2,000 years. It was utilized in the Western Zhou Dynasty (1146 BC-771 BC) and afterward utilized during the Qin Dynasty (221 BC-207 BC). There was constantly an inclination for intercession all through all the historical backdrop of Imperial China. The intervention framework and the lawful framework were grown together after the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949. Individuals' Mediation Committees showed up during this period, helping nearby individuals to determine common questions and to protect concordance in the society.However, the Mao's monetary changes have brought some physical and social ch anges of the Chinese urban areas. Changes have advanced the improvement of the legitimate framework and other formal lawful establishments. They have likewise allowed progressively singular opportunities, since the decentralization of the political control. Besides, the quickly developing financial turns of events, the modernization and the Westernization have prompted the nebulous vision of new urban communities which advocate the thoughts of independence, rivalry and private space, thoughts absolutely at something contrary to the Chinese conventional culture which advocates he social amicability in network and society. In my article, I will attempt to address to this inquiry: To what degree the job of the People's intercession boards of trustees in China currently is as yet critical when a few urban communities will in general modernize and others will in general preserve conventionalism? To start with, I will introduce the development of the customary Chinese legitimate framework to the contemporary Chinese lawful framework. Second, I will concentrate looking into it of intercession, one Alternative Dispute Resolution, and the People's Mediation Committees.And at long last, I will investigate the significance of the lessons of Confucianism in the development of intervention. I. From customary Chinese legitimate framework to contemporary Chinese lawful framework Chinese history, even in the only remaining century, has experienced a few occasions which have influenced the advancement of its legal framework. Cognizant that customary Chinese law was in reverse and that a Western lawful framework, progressively present day, would improve a great deal the advancement of Chinese society, Mao endeavored to build up a cutting edge lawful framework dependent on rules and law in 1949 (Utter, 1987).The Communist Party enlisted first previous patriots, who thoroughly understood the Western lawful frameworks: â€Å"To staff the new lawful framework, the Communists held various legitimate pros who had worked for the Nationalists, essentially in light of the fact that the Communists didn't have inside their own positions individuals with aptitudes and information to run a complex lawful system†, yet they were totally â€Å"politically questionable and elitist† (Utter, 1987).The Party at that point supplanted them by â€Å"new cadres† chose for their political loyalty to the Mao government, and not for their capacities in lawful framework, â€Å"[t]he new units needed lawful abilities and knowledge† (Utter, 1987). This choice of the Chinese Mao’s government affected the advancement of the lawful framework. They were persuaded that unpredictable procedures were just weights to the modernization of the legitimate framework, so they built up a framework effectively justifiable and available to the people:During the initial barely any long periods of the socialist party, the â€Å"new cadres† assisted with setting up law codification commissions, legal and police structures. Graduate schools opened and some lawful books were distributed. In 1954, the primary Chinese constitution which set up a tripartite administrative structure comprising of the preeminent people’s courts, the incomparable people’s procuracy, and the state gathering, all mindful to the standing board of the national people’s congress, was presented (Utter, 1987).However in 1957, the enhancements of the Chinese lawful framework started to quit: During the counter rights development, the socialist party’s supposition towards the requirement for a â€Å"modern† legitimate framework changed drastically. Numerous masters were expelled from their posts and afterward assaulted and condemned for the very approaches they were at first held to create. Graduate schools were shut and gets ready for additional codification were ended. The socialist party ventured to fix and override existing laws just as to supplant the job of the courts and procuracy with open security agencies (Utter, 1987).After Mao’s passing in 1978, during the â€Å"Four modernizations† (in industry, horticulture, national barrier, science and innovation in Chine), the new legislature of Deng Xiaoping (1904-1997) built up the 1978 Constitution, which reestablished the rise of legal advisors, graduate schools and lawful distributions. At last, with the proclamation of the 1990 Procedural Law of Administrative Litigation and the 1991 Civil Procedure Law, Chinese legitimate framework fundamentally developed to a progressively organized framework. Indeed, even with all these advancement, intercession remains the most utilized debate goals process.The 1989 enactment, that set the people’s intervention advisory groups under the ward of the Ministry of Justice, permitted the cutting edge intercession framework to be progressively autonomous, proficient and productive. Numerous cases are occupie d from the courts and passed on intercession boards of trustees: [T]he intervention panels have settled cases covering a wide assortment of subjects, for example, separate, legacy, parental and youngster support, divorce settlement, obligations, genuine property, creation, and torts, just as other common and financial debates and criminal wrongdoing cases.They have likewise assumed a significant job in forestalling wrongdoing, decreasing case in the courts, upgrading the people’s solidarity, and advancing social soundness. More than 7,000,000 questions are acceptably settled using intervention every year in China, far outperforming the quantity of cases brought to Chinese courts (Ge, 1996). Notwithstanding, this help of intervention impeded the improvement of legal law and the execute of existing laws in light of the fact that the intercession strategy depends on neighborhood convictions of reasonableness and socialist thoughts. The appropriation of the 1991 Code of Civil Pro cedure certified the promise to intercession of China’s government.Mediation and the People’s Mediation Committee In the Chinese lawful framework, contest settlements can be grouped into two distinct classifications: formal debate settlement (at courts) and casual question settlement or elective question goals (ADR) (exchange, intervention and assertion). ADR has since quite a while ago existed in China and customarily been liked to the courts for some reasons. Intervention, as one of the various methods for question goals, is broadly rehearsed in China. To characterize it, intervention is â€Å"an exertion by an outsider to urge gatherings to a contest to intentionally agree to determine their dispute†.There are as of now different kinds of intercession in China: common intervention, legal intercession, managerial intervention and assertion intercession. Common intervention is otherwise called the People’s intercession, by People’s Mediation Commi ttees, outside the court. I will concentrate on it further in the exposition. Contrasted and legal intercession, People’s intervention offers a progressively agreeable approach to determine debates and to stay away from numerous hindrances of legal intercession, similar to the unbending nature of the appointed authorities and middle people in the intervention procedure. It is utilized by People’s Mediation Committees which help parties willfully arrive at an agreement.People’s Mediation Committees (PMCs) are, with courts, the most generally known foundations for contest goals in China. They are casual intervention foundations, which have been existed in China for quite a long time, permitting individuals to stay away from a legitimate framework and court systems which have consistently been subjects of dread in the general public. Article 111 of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China expresses that â€Å"People’s Mediation Committees a re a working board under grassroots self-governing associations †Residents Committee, Villagers Committee †whose strategic to intervene common disputes† China’s Judiciary, http://www. china. organization. cn). They were built up in the early long stretches of the establishment of People’s Republic of China in 1949 and of its legitimate framework and assisted with keeping up social control, to determine non-class-battle debates and to save congruity: Mediation â€Å"serves to express and apply the ideological standards, qualities and projects of the Chinese Communist Party and assists with assembling China’s individuals to expand their responsibility to party strategies and goals.Rather than settling questions between people, intercession additionally serves to smother such questions, which are viewed as destructive soc

10 Words that Make Your Teachers Cringe

10 Words that Make Your Teachers Cringe (3) Academic writing can be tough to tackle. We usually don’t write research papers in the same way we talk or text in our everyday lives. Prime example: when have you ever wrote “yeah” or “hahaha” in a class paper? Since writing for an assignment uses a different “voice,” it can make the tone of papers and other projects difficult to master. Avoid the following words in your writing, and you will be off to a great start! For those seeking general writing help, EasyBib Plus has an automated grammar check that will scan your paper and provide suggestions on how to improve your grammar and writing style. 1. Really Part of speech:    adverb Example sentence:    Global warming is a really big problem that we must solve. Why you should avoid it:   “Really” is just a bit too informal to use in academic writing, and it doesn’t add too much to your argument most of the time. Try using words that are a little more specific and convey more nuance, such as “exceptionally” or “uncommonly.”   2. Never/Always Part of speech:    adverb Example sentence:    Politicians always have the best interests of the people they represent in mind. Why you should avoid it:    Using words like “never” and “always” are tricky in academic writing, as they are definitive and doesn’t give wiggle room for exceptions. You can almost always find an example that makes any argument untrue, so using absolutes is typically not a great idea. 3. Firstly Part of speech:    adverb Example sentence:    Firstly, I will discuss the importance of education in American society. Why you should avoid it:    Transitions are important, but ditch words like “firstly” and “lastly” in your writing. Those words were important when you were first learning to write in middle school, but now, focus on making clear topic sentences that will transition your reader without these filler words. 4. By Part of speech:    preposition Example sentence:    The cake was baked by Sarah. Why you should avoid it:    Try and avoid passive voice in your writing at all costs. If you see the word “by” appear frequently, you might need to change some of your sentences to the active voice. Active voice means that the subject of the sentence is performing the action, and it is better to use in your writing because it is generally clearer and less wordy. Take the example sentence above. In active voice, it changes to “Sarah baked the cake.” 5. Don’t Part of speech:    verb Example sentence:    They don’t know how to drive the car. Why you should avoid it:    Contractions like “don’t” are too informal to use in academic writing. This means that other contractions like “won’t” and “can’t” should be off limits too. This will make your writing sound more professional. 6. Basically Part of speech:    adverb Example sentence:    Raising the minimum wage would affect basically all Americans. Why you should avoid it:    The word “basically” is a no-go for a few reasons. First of all, it is just a little too informal. Try using words that provide more context, such as “substantially” or “essentially.” Also, the word is probably filler that can be taken out without changing the sentence’s meaning at all. For example, the example sentence still makes sense without “basically”: “Raising the minimum wage would affect all Americans.” 7. Etc. Part of speech: adverb Example sentence: Our school offers languages like Spanish, French, German, etc. Why you should avoid it: “Etc.” is short for the Latin expression et cetera, which means “and others.” While etc. has its place, formal academic writing is not the right one. It implies a sense of laziness and casualness that your teacher will not appreciate.   8. Got Part of speech:    verb Example sentence:    The plants got bigger after being treated with fertilizer. Why you should avoid it:    â€œGot” is another one of those informal verb forms that is best used in everyday speech and not your writing. Using constructions like “I have” or “I became” instead of “I got” will improve and elevate your writing. Always look for more specific verbs if possible! 9. Interesting Part of speech:    adjective Example sentence:    The effect of invasive species on their environments is interesting. Why you should avoid it:    The word “interesting” is the exact opposite of interesting. It has been overused so much that it is practically meaningless! Odds are that if you are writing about a topic, it is already interesting, so chuck this word in favor of adjectives that provide more flavor. 10.  Literally Part of speech:    adverb Example sentence:    The moon landing literally changed Neil Armstrong’s life. Why you should avoid it:    Literally is almost always misused in both writing and conversations. In addition to confusion about how to use the word, it doesn’t add much value when used correctly. Use words like “unquestionably “or “precisely” instead. Follow these tips and you will start to build a better tone in your writing assignments, as well as confidence in your writing. Is your paper done, but not your citations? Visit for tools that can easily help you generate an MLA format citation, an APA title page, or even an annotated bibliography in MLA. Our guides homepage also has a wide library of citation and writing guides that can teach you how to put together an APA citation, use interjections properly, and more!

Dont Make This Mistake in French Je Suis 25 Ans

If you are 25 years old  and someone asks you in French how old you are, you respond:  Jai 25 ans (I am 25 years old).  Using the verb avoir (to have)  for age is the idiom, and to respond using the verb à ªtre (Je suis 25 ans) is nonsense to the French ear.  Ã‚   The French translation of to be is à ªtre. However, a lot of English expressions with to be are equivalent to French expressions with avoir (to have). To be ___ (years old) is one of these expressions: I am 25 (years old) is not Je suis 25 or Je suis 25 ans, but rather Jai 25 ans. This is just something you have to memorize, along with Jai chaud (Im hot), Jai faim (Im hungry), and many more expressions with avoir. Note also that the word ans (years) is required in French. In English you can just say Im 25,but that does not happen in French. Plus, the number is always written as a numeral, never as a word. Other Expressions of Age à   trois ans  Ã‚  at three (years of age)On fà ªte ses vingt ans. Were celebrating his twentieth birthday.un enfant de cinq ans  Ã‚  a five-year-old childretraite à   60 retirement at the age of 60moins de 26 ans younger than 26Anne Jones, 12 ans Anne Jones, age 12les enfants de 3 à   13  ans children ages 3 to 13Le groupe tà ©moin a comportà © 30 sujets, à ¢ge moyen de 56,9 ans.  Ã‚  The control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals, mean  age  56.9.à ¢gà © de plus de 18  ans older than 18 / 18 years of ageJai une excellente bouteille dOban  18 ans dà ¢ge  dans mon bureau.  Ã‚  I have an excellent bottle of  18-year-old  Oban in my office.La principale à ©tude comprenait environ 19,000 femmes à ¢gà ©es de 15 à   25  ans.   The main study involved almost 19,000 women from  15 to  25. More Idiomatic Expressions with Avoir avoir à  Ã‚  Ã‚   infinitive  Ã‚  to have to do somethingavoir besoin de   to needavoir chaud   to be hotavoir confiance en   to trustavoir de la chance   to be luckyavoir du charme   to have charmavoir du chien  (informal)  Ã‚  to be attractive, have a certain somethingavoir du pain sur la planche  (informal)  Ã‚  to have a lot to do, have a lot on ones plateavoir du pot  (informal)  Ã‚  to be luckyavoir envie de   to want  toavoir faim   to be hungryavoir froid   to be coldavoir honte de   to be ashamed of/aboutavoir horreur de   to detest/loatheavoir lair (de)  Ã‚  to look (like)avoir la frite  Ã‚  to feel greatavoir la gueule de bois  Ã‚  to have a hangover, to be hungoveravoir la patate   to feel greatavoir le beurre et largent du beurre  Ã‚  to have ones cake and eat it tooavoir le cafard  (informal)  Ã‚  to feel low/blue/down in the dumpsavoir lesprit de lescalier  Ã‚  to be unable to think of witty comebacks in timeavoir le fou rire   to have the gigglesavoir le mal de mer   to be seasickavoir les chevilles qui enflent  (informal)  Ã‚  to be full of oneselfavoir lhabitude de   to be used to, in the habit ofavoir lheure   to have (know) the timeavoir lieu   to take placeavoir lintention de   to intend/plan toavoir mal à   la tà ªte, aux yeux, à   lestomac   to have a headache, eye pain, stomachacheavoir mal au cÅ“ur   to be sick to ones stomachavoir peur de   to be afraidavoir raison   to be rightavoir soif   to be thirstyavoir sommeil   to be sleepyavoir tort   to be wrong Additional Resources Avoir, Être, FaireExpressions with avoirExpressions with à ªtre

Alcoholism And Their Effects On Alcoholism Essay - 1326 Words

Millions of people every year are affected by alcoholism. Both those suffering from alcoholism, and their family members. Out of the millions effected, only a fraction of them seek help in taking control of their addiction. There are many similarities between individual cases of alcoholism, and countless resources to help those who wish to stop drinking, and rekindle their relationships with their families. Statistics In 2014 in the United States 87.6% of people age 18 and older have reported drinking at some point in their lifetime. 24.7% of these people reported binge drinking within the past month, and 6.7% heavily drank in the past month.Overall 10.6 million men and 5.7 million women were reported to have an alcohol use disorder. Out of these 16.3 million individuals only 1.5 million actually received treatment for their disorders. That means only 9% of the people with an alcohol use disorder actually received professional help in 2014. (Alcohol Facts and Statistics) Interview The following interview was conducted in an attempt to learn firsthand the effects that alcoholism has on other members of the family unit. The Individual interviewed is a 21 year old Female. Interviewer: â€Å"It is my understanding that someone in your family has been struggling with alcoholism, is this correct?† Respondent: â€Å"Yes, My father has been effected by alcoholism since before I was born, and continues to struggle with it today.† Interviewer: â€Å"How would you describe your relationshipShow MoreRelatedAlcoholism And Its Effects On Alcoholism2456 Words   |  10 Pages Alcoholism is one of the most intractable and pervasive psychological disorders known. 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There are many examples of this tragedy in our lives. Alcoholism doesn t just affect the abusser s life, but can affect the lives of his loved ones. Alcoholism affects his health and privlages that he uses in everyday life. According to the National Health interview surveyRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcoholism On The United States1383 Words   |  6 Pages Ariel Herrera Alcoholism in the United States Alcoholism has been a societal issue that does not discriminate in terms of boarders. Although it is an international problem, this paper will focus on its implications in the United States of America. Alcoholism is defined as an obsession or addiction to the intake of alcoholic liquor or the mental illness and behavior resulting from alcohol reliance (Adewale and Ifudu 2014). This paper analysis the demographic differences in alcohol engagement

Chemistry Lab Free Essays

Chemistry 121 Colligative Properties Lab Demonstration of Selected Calculations from Choice I Determination of Kf for Naphthalene To determine the Kf for naphthalene, we need to find the difference in the freezing point of pure naphthalene and the solution of 1,4-dichlorobenzene in naphthalene. Let’s say that we did this experiment, used 1. 00 g 1,4-dichlorobenzene in 10. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistry Lab or any similar topic only for you Order Now 00 g naphthalene, and found that the freezing temperature of pure naphthalene was 78. 2 °C, while that of the solution was 75. 4 °C. This gives us a ? Tf of 78. 2 °C – 75. 4 °C = 2. 8 °C. Using the equation for freezing point depression and solving for Kf, we have†¦ ?Tf = Kfmsolute Kf = ? Tf/msolute where msolute equals the molality of the solute. What is the molality of the solute? msolute=molality of solute = moles of solute/kg solvent moles of solute = 1. 00 g 1,4-DCB/146. 9 g/mol = 6. 81 x 10-3 moles 1,4-DCB kg of solvent = 10. 00 g naphthalene/1000 g/kg = 0. 01 kg solvent msolute = 6. 81 x 10-3 moles 1,4-DCB/0. 01 kg naphthalene = 0. 681 m Kf = 2. 8 °C/0. 681 m = 4. 112 K ·kg/mol The actual value for Kf for naphthalene is 7. 45 K ·kg/mol, so we’re a fair amount off the mark. This is a rather crude experiment, so that’s to be expected. Determination of the Molecular Mass/Molecular Formula of Elemental Sulfur Although this experiment didn’t go as well as I would have liked, there seemed to be some problems with the interpretation of the data as they were obtained, so I thought I’d demonstrate how to do this calculation. Elemental sulfur has a molecular formula of S8 (there are 8 sulfur atoms in a molecule of sulfur, just like there are 2 hydrogen atoms in a molecule of hydrogen). So, the purpose of this experiment was really just to see how close you could come to this answer. Practice test:  answer key To find the molar mass (and, using the atomic mass, the molecular formula) for sulfur, we first need to find the freezing point of a solution of sulfur in naphthalene. Let’s say we made such a solution with 0. 500 g powdered sulfur in 10. 00 g of naphthalene, and we found that it’s freezing point was 76. 7 °C. To find the molecular mass, let’s first find the molality of the solution by solving the above equation for msolute. (NOTE: Contrary to what many of you thought, you can’t find the molality of this solution just by using the atomic mass of sulfur to find the moles of sulfur†¦ emember that molecular sulfur has 8 sulfur atoms, but for the purposes of your experiment, you â€Å"don’t know this† and are trying to find that fact out. So, we’re solving for the molar mass just like the problem on the most recent exam involving an unknown solute. ) ? Tf =Kfmsolute msolute = ? Tf/Kf Our ? Tf = 78. 2 °C – 76. 7 °C = 1. 5à ‚ °C. Let’s use the â€Å"real† Kf instead of the one we calculated so we’ll get a better answer†¦ msolute = 1. 5 °C/7. 45 K ·kg/mol = 0. 201 mol/kg (molal) Now, we know the molality, and we know the number of kilograms of solvent (0. 010 kg of naphthalene)–let’s find the number of moles of sulfur present. oles of sulfur = molality x kg of solvent = 0. 201 m x 0. 010 kg = 0. 00201 moles sulfur Now, divide the mass of sulfur we took by this number of moles to get the molar mass of sulfur†¦ 0. 500 g sulfur/0. 00201 moles sulfur = 248. 8 g/mol This is the molar mass of elemental sulfur†¦ divide it by the atomic mass of sulfur (32. 07 g/mol) to find out how many sulfur atoms there are in a sulfur molecule. We get 7. 76 ? 8 atoms†¦ isn’t it cool how you can get the right answer when you make up your own data? 😉 Back to General Chemistry Home Page Back to General Chemistry Syllabus How to cite Chemistry Lab, Essay examples Chemistry Lab Free Essays The pKa of an Unknown Acid-Base Indicator By: Josephine Hong Lab Instructor: Yue Zhang Due: April 5, 2013 Submitted: April 5, 2013 Abstract: In this lab, the pKa of the unknown indicator of expression was determined both qualitatively and quantitatively. To verify our procedures, the experiment was tested using a known indicator, bromocresol green. Qualitatively, we used the color change of the solution with indicator to obtain the pKa value solely using a pH meter. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistry Lab or any similar topic only for you Order Now Quantitatively, we used a pH meter and the spectrophotometer with varying concentrations of the acid and base. The maximum wavelengths of absorbance used to quantify the dissociated and undissociated forms of the bromocresol green were 440 nm (yellow, undissociated) and 616 nm (blue dissociated). For the unknown indicator, the wavelengths were 505. 96 nm (red, undissociated) and 601. 66 nm (blue, dissociated). For bromocresol green, the experimentally obtained pKa value measured qualitatively was 4. 04. Quantitatively, the pKa came out to be 4. 16. The percentage error (10. 47%) obtained was within reasonable range, allowing the same procedures to be used to determine the pKa value of the unknown indicator, Indicator of Freedom. Indicator was Freedom was found to have a pKa value of 5. 32 qualitatively essay writer typer. On the other hand, the quantitative pKa was measure to be 4. 265. Introduction: This lab applies the concept of an indicator dye, which is principally a weak acid that changes colors when reacting with the amount of hydronium ion in a solution. Thus, the qualitative part of the lab assumes that at the point where the solution changes color into an intermediate shade of the two, the concentrations of [HIn] and [In-] is approximately equal. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for them: he pH equals pKa when the ratio between the indicator and its conjugate base is 1. Subsequently, the quantitative portion of the lab deals with the relationship between absorbance and concentration: A1(? )A2(? )= c1c2 Thus, a certain absorbance of a solution can provide the concentration of the indicator and its conjugate base when taking into consideration the maximum wavelength of the two colors. Experim ental Section: To reduce the volumes of acid and base needed and the amount of time to complete the lab, the stock solutions of strong acid and base were diluted to at least one-fourth their starting amount. Thus, 60 mL of deionized water was added to both stock solutions of 20 mL HCl and NaOH to create 2 new 80 mL diluted solutions. Part 1: Finding pKa Qualitatively 25 mL solution of the diluted NaOH with 3 drops of indicator was titrated against the diluted HCl drop wise until a color change occurred. To determine the pKa of the indicators, the pH of the solutions were taken with a pH meter when there was a color change. Determining the color of bromocresol green to be yellow when acidic and blue when basic, the point of color change to measure pH was when the solution turned green. Likewise, the indicator of Freedom was red when acidic and blue when basic, which established the point of color change to be purple. These steps were performed three times for both the known and unknown indicators to find an average pKa value. Part 2: Finding pKa Quantitatively For the quantitative determination of pKa, multiple solutions of varying acid/ base concentration were prepared with 3 drops of indicator. Despite the varying concentrations of each solution, the total volume stayed constant at 20 mL. Before anything, the wavelengths of maximum absorbance were determined first by using solutions of pure acid and base with three drops of indicator. For each solution, the pH was measured before placing them in cuvettes to measure their absorbance values using the spectrophotometer. These steps were performed for both the known and unknown indicator. Results: Table 1: Qualitative Data for Bromocresol Green Trial| pH| 1| 3. 82| 2| 3. 93| 3| 4. 36| Average| 4. 04| Calculation of Average: Table 2: Maximum Absorbance and for Bromocresol Green | HCl w/ 3 Drops Indicator| NaOH w/ 3 Drops Indicator| Concentration (M)| . 028| . 0962| (nm)| 440| 616| Solution Color| Yellow| Blue| Absorbance| . 116| . 243| Table 3: Quantitative Data for Bromocresol Green Volume of HCl (mL)| Volume of NaOH (mL)| pH| Absorbance HIn| AbsorbanceIn-| 14| 6| 3. 50| . 055| . 015| 9| 10| 4. 39| . 044| . 048| 7| 13| 5. 30| . 024| . 103| Figure 1: Absorbance vs. pH for Bromocresol Green Percent Error Calculation for Bro mocresol Green: error *pKa of Bromocresol Green was found online Table 4: Qualitative Data for Indicator of Freedom Trial| pH| 1| 5. 50| 2| 5. 33| 3| 5. 12| Average| 5. 32| Table 5: Maximum Absorbance and for Bromocresol Green HCl w/ 3 Drops Indicator| NaOH w/ 3 DropsIndicator| Concentration (M)| . 1028| . 0962| (nm)| 505. 96| 601. 66| Solution Color| Red| Blue| Absorbance| . 703| . 945| Table 6: Quantitative Data for Bromocresol Green Volume of HCl (mL)| Volume of NaOH (mL)| pH| Absorbance HIn| AbsorbanceIn-| 18| 2| 2. 07| . 360| . 046| 14| 6| 2. 36| . 374| . 048| 10| 10| 3. 88| . 347| . 087| 10| 10| 3. 04| . 312| . 041| 9| 11| 9. 35| . 148| 1. 127| 9. 5| 10. 5| 5. 95| . 171| . 686| 9. 75| 10. 25| 5. 45| . 230| . 424| 9. 25| 10. 75| 9. 13| . 146| . 913| Figure 2: Graph of Absorbance vs. pH for Indicator of Freedom Discussion: The qualitative part of the lab had room for a lot of errors. The unreliability of visual observation of the slight color change in solution could have dramatically affected the results. Because the experimentally determined pKa was less than the actual pKa for both cases, strong enough color change were probably not observed. Since the titration was performed roughly using drops, the drops could have added more acid than needed, resulting in a smaller pKa.. Quantitatively, the pKa can be determined by plotting the data, with absorbance as a function of pH. There will be two separate lines, one for each wavelength of the two colors. The intersection of these two lines will indicate the point at which the pH should be equal to the pKa. This works because at the intersection point: pH=pKa+logIn-HIn It is known that A1A2= c1c2. Since A1= A2 at the intersection point of the graph, then 1= c1c2= In-HIn. Thus,pH=pKa+log1 pH=pKa at the intersection of both curves The procedure for determination of bromocresol green pKa appeared to have worked, because the percent error was roughly around 10%. Although slightly high, these errors are unpreventable. For example, cuvettes with smudges on the sides would have increased the absorbance readings of the solutions. Moreover, the maximum wavelength is crucial because it is used as a standard to know where to record the absorbance levels of the other solutions. This is because it is where the maximum absorbance occurs for the particular color produced by the solution is. It is important to measure the absorbance levels at these standardized wavelengths to keep the data consistent and to have the ability to compare the absorbance levels of two solutions without the need to calibrate or adjust the readings. Finally, a limited number of data points when determining the pH graphically could have also added to the error in this experiment. 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Movie Summary Gladiator Essay Example

Movie Summary Gladiator Paper Gladiator is a great story of a Roman general, Maximus Decimus, the roman emperor Marcus Aurelius sits on his death bed, Marcus Aurelius tells Maximus that he wants him to be at charge of the Roman Empire at least until the Senate finds a better candidate because of his lack of interest on handling power, after receiving the notice of who Marcus Aurelius prefers to that charge, his son Commodus, Kills him and accuses Maximus of the assassination, Maximus is basically betrayed by Commodus for â€Å"power†, and forced to leave far away from the roman army after escaping the guards that were supposed to kill him, his family is assassinated, he is captured being wounded after seeing that all he loved was destroyed, sold as a slave and, after his owner sees his fighting skills that he learnt in the army, he is made gladiator. After many combats in the arena and a gain of glory he is brought to Rome, to the famous well-known coliseum. Commodus finds out who he is and challenges him in the arena to finish him, unfortunately for Commodus even though Maximus was stabbed in the leg before the fight by him to ensure his victory, Commodus dies and Maximus, after accomplishing his vengeance plans, falls to the floor dead too. All the action occurs in some German territories and in the Roman Empire, Maximus is introduced as a simple man, that desires to be with his family and work in his farm. Ridley SCOTT (the director of this film) has a dramatic intention with the audience, Ridley wants to put the audience in Maximus’ shoes, some of the ways that Ridley makes this possible is by giving Maximus’ a perspective and waty of thinking that coincides with the audience’s e.g. After fighting all other gladiators, in the arena and being the only one standing there, surrounded by the walls that separate the public from the danger, he shouts out loud â€Å"are you entertained?†. We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Summary Gladiator specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Summary Gladiator specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Summary Gladiator specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Gladiator Movie Summary – Gladiator