Arkansas Colleges SAT Score Comparison for Admission

Exercise and Diet Needed to Lose Weight Essay - 713 Words

Losing weight comes down to burning more calories than your body uses on a daily basis. This caloric deficit can be accumulated through dieting and exercising. The latter should include cardiovascular exercise, which in addition to burning calories, also reduces your risk of health conditions, such as high blood pressure and osteoporosis, and improves your heart health, mood and stamina. (See References 1) For quick weight loss, incorporate small adjustments that can optimize your cardio routine. General Cardio Recommendation The American Heart Association favors 30 to 60 minutes of moderate cardio on most days to lose weight. (See References 2) By completing the full range of motion of the exercise of your choice. you can get the most†¦show more content†¦For instance, walk briskly on a treadmill for 15 minutes, then use an elliptical for 15 minutes, and follow this with 15 minutes on a stair climber. The exercise variety prevents overuse injuries and boredom, which is essential if you want to stick to your workout routine. Multi-Beneficial Circuit Training Although circuit training is often associated with strength training due to its muscle-stimulating benefit, it also has a cardiovascular benefit that promotes caloric burn and weight loss. During circuit training you cycle between various strength-training exercises with minimal rest between the sets. By incorporating cardio into your routine, your heart rate stays elevated and you burn more calories. For instance, perform a set of bench presses followed by jumping jacks, then do a set of lunges and crunches, followed by one minute of jumping rope, a set of squats, pushups, and butt kickers. The ACE recommends cycling through circuits up to three times, and performing circuit training two to three times a week. Things to Consider In addition to cardio, strength training on at least two days of the week, and a reduced-calorie diet, can optimize your weight loss. Strength training helps preserve muscle tissue, which burns more calories than fat and boosts your resting metabolism. (See References 7) Always perform a five to 10-minute, low-intense cardio warm up before yourShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at the Tapeworm Diet853 Words   |  3 PagesIndividuals seeking to lose weight are constantly confronted with a variety of diets, supplements, and weight-loss products to choose from. The tapeworm diet is a quick and significant way to lose weight. This method involves consuming parasites called tapeworms, which possibly can cause a person to become seriously ill and can even lead to fatal complications. To follow this diet, a person ingests tapeworms that go on to absorb some of the food that he or she eats, causing them to lose a significant amountRead More South Beach Diet Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesBeach Diet The South Beach Diet is a diet plan designed by cardiologist Arthur Agatston and dietician Marie Almon. In 1995, Dr. Agatston developed a diet to prevent heart disease for his cardiac and diabetes patients. According to the South Beach Diet website, Agatstaion knew that a low-fat diet would reduce cholesterol and prevent heart disease, but patients had a hard time sticking to the diet. Agatson wanted to find out the reason why his patients had a hard time sticking to the low-fat diet. SoRead MoreSouth Beach Diet Study1591 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The South Beach Diet, which originated with Dr. Arthur Agatston, a cardiologist, began as a response to the growing rate of heart disease patients in the United States. He found that many of the fad diets were focused on high carbohydrates, which were not affecting the type of weight loss needed to reduce heart disease. The center, or heart of the diet, is focused on healthy lifestyle living, and maintenance around nutritional choices. The South Beach diet focuses on three phases: PhaseRead MoreHow Exercise Can Improve Your Mental Health994 Words   |  4 Pagesobsession with weight loss. Every one wants the perfect body and wants to achieve it the fastest way possible. But what is the best solution to accomplish or goal? Exercise is the main focus to everything; since the body is like a complex machine that needs to be treated to physical activity, so that the body does not run into health complications. The benefits of exercise can improve your mental health, heart and weight and of course give you a longer life. There are many forms of exercise, which canRead MoreFad Diets : Obesity And Obesity1382 Words   |  6 Pagesstruggle with excess weight, but Americans exceed the rates of obesity in other first world countries by thirteen percent (Overweight). According to Overweight and Obesity Statistics, 68.8 percent of the population is overweight or obese in America. Although the number of overweight and obese people is higher than ever before, many are not willing to work to lose weight. Americans want to sit back, relax, and lose weight. Fad diets have become very popular for this reason. Fad diets allow people to simplyRead MoreHigh Protein Diets – Friend or Foe? Essay655 Words   |  3 Pagesfads and lose weight quick diets out there. Each and every one tries to convince you that they are the best, that their new and improved diet will definitely shed those unwanted pounds fast and with very little adjustment to your daily life. There are diets that tell you to only eat a certain color of food. There are diets that advise you to only eat carbohydrates or eat anything but carbohydrates. My favorites are the ones that try to convince you that you can lose weight without exercise. Let’sRead MoreFactors That Can Help You Lose Weight Faster Is Your Metabolic Rate Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the factors that can help you lose weight faster is your metabolic rate. You can control the rate that your body metabolizes foods and burn calories by choosing the right foods that can result to high metabolism. It never helps to get into fast fad diets that usually recommend limiting the number of calories taken in daily, because the body recognizes this as an extreme condition, where it will draw on its stored fat for energy. Metabolism is slowed down when the body does not get its requiredRead MoreThe Causes Of Diet And Obesity In Adults1315 Words   |  6 Pages Diet and Obesity in Adults Rappahannock Community College Kayla Wilson, Theresa Parker, Brandi Yeatman The obesity rate in the United States has increased dramatically in the last decade, because the population is resorting to fast food and prepackaged meals for quick and cheap preparation. More people are consuming their meals and snacks on the run in their vehicle, or in front of the T.V. They are not getting very much satisfaction from the food they are consuming on aRead MoreP1 explain the concepts associated with nutritional health Essay1422 Words   |  6 Pagesanimals and humans consume. The food we eat determines the lifestyle we have. A diet is not just something humans go on to lose weight. A diet is the food a drink that a human or animal usually eats. There are many different types of diets that people use in order to achieve something, such as weight loss or weight gain. Nutrients are found in food and drink and are a substance that provides the nourishment which is needed to maintain a healthy lifestyle and healthy growth. Lack of nutrients can causeRead MoreMovie Review : Star Diet1367 Words   |  6 PagesTHE MOVIE STAR DIET! If you follow the methods in this book, you will soon be able to realize the body you’ve always dreamed of. You will feel healthier and more alive than you have in years. This will give you greater confidence in yourself and a vastly improved attitude towards your entire life! In the years to come you will look back on this day as one of the major turning points in your life. I have always noticed that not very many people are interested in how to lose weight SLOWLY. In fact

Consent forms Free Essays

Although many people may think that signing a consent form is crazy, but there are many different think that people may hear about signing consent forms such as; you have to pay for the form, there are a lot of questions on the form, and they are not real at all. The real question we should all ask ourselves is that. Should informed consent be limited in certain situation? I’m about to give you some good reasons why we should sign consent forms at the doctor’s office and the hospital. We will write a custom essay sample on Consent forms or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, while reading he book about Henrietta Lacks gave me a different outlook on what really goes on in the doctor’s office and the hospital, and we all need to watch out and read everything that we get from the hospital and doctors. Now if Henrietta got consent form she would have read that paper before she signed it and then the doctor’s would have never took her cells Just to run some test on them without her knowing, and that is where the consent form comes in at. As though many of us do not read everything that is on that form and the entire only thing that we do see on the paper is ignature and date, but we really need to read the whole thing before we go and sign a form and we have no idea what they will do without cells Just like Henrietta. One of the quotas that stand out to me in â€Å"Transparency: informed consent in primary care (Hoard Brody)†, and I feel that this quote was a good one because it gets right to the point about signing consent forms: Physicians may also view informed consent as an empty charade, since they are confident in their abilities to manipulate consent by how they discuss or divulge information (Brody par 4). While reading this quote had e thinking about a lot of thing that we may not know about these consent forms because our doctors do not really tells us about them, yet the only thing they do is give it to us so that we can read it and sign the paper. However many of us may have a lot of questions that about signing a consent form at the doctor’s office and we may not think that it is very important to sign and most of us do not want to sign that paper and they doctors may do something to you cells, and you did not sign that paper the only person that you can be upset with is yourself because you did not ead that consent form all of the way, but the one that you was ready to do is not sign that paper and Just walk out the doctor’s office. Another quote that I thought that Howard Brody wrote about in his article was: Some positive side-effects of this might be more focus on good diagnostic and therapeutic decision making on the physician’s part, since it will be understood that the patient will be made aware of what the physician’s reasoning process has been like, and better documentation of management decisions in the patient record (Brody middle of par 18). The speed of edical research together with drug companies race to create products has overtaken the system designed to keep people safe (Robert Davis par 2). While reading this quote from â€Å"U. S. : Human Medical Test Lack Oversight (Robert Davis)†, I feel that we should get a better understanding of the medical, and consent forms because if we don’t read and understand something then we will signing something tor someone to take without us knowing. In conclusion many people may not understand why we should sign a consent form Just in the case something may happen to us while we are at the doctor’s office or in the hospital. While reading these articles and the Henrietta Lacks book made me realize that signing a consent form is important because you do not give the doctors the rights to take anything from you that they did not ask for, but back in the day they could Just take anything that didn’t belong to them; however, now you have to ask that patience if you can, but most of the time they will say no. How to cite Consent forms, Papers

Medical Ethics Rescue Principle

Question: Describe about the Medical Ethics for Rescue Principle. Answer: 1. Rescue principle has two connected parts. The first part explains that life and death are important above everything. The second part highlights though society has an unequal distribution of wealth; every individual must provide with the equal health care facilities. The principle helps to understand the pain of human in the context of life and death. But the principle has done more harm to the standard of health-care as it fails to explain about the spending of society. In prudence insurance ideal the insurance company paid an amount of money for the health care service brought by patient and doctor. The insurance money is subsidized by the government. In this case, the patient paid the actual cost indirectly by the expense on other materials and services. 2. If the physicians find the situation is less complicated, then they did not inform the patient but in the case of higher risks they informed the patient for better collaboration. To avoid the depression feeling of the patient, the physicians do not use the cancer word. The physicians have suggested informing the patient about the complicacy of the situation by tittering the risk level measured by research. The consent of the patient about the research is very low, and it is a legal duty of the physicians to disclose the detailed information to the patient for participating in the research. For the research purpose, the physicians are not allowed to override the rights and immunities of the patient. 3. The patient has a malignancy in one of her breasts, and she has two choices with an equal rate of surviving by mastectomy or by radiation with minimal surgery. The physicians explained the nature of both operations and the patient chose the breast preservation process. And this model is superior because the patient should decide the process suitable for her welfare. Jehovah's Witnesses of prohibition blood transfusion not support the medical treatment and suggests that faith will cure the ailment. But the consent model allows the patient to know about the medication process applied to him/her. The model also makes the patient aware of the danger of refusing a blood transfusion. 4. The physicians have no control over the coercing party. Mrs. R must contend with her pain in the abdominal region which is very common in the case of appendicitis. Mrs. R has to decide whether to perform an appendectomy or not. But the patient decision is controlled by negative arguments on which the physicians have no control. The physicians must proceed with the ECT as Mrs. R's consent is not invalid. Furthermore, the decision of the patient to undergo surgery originates from the pain in appendix then it is morally justified for the physician. But if the coercion of family members is supported by the physician then it is not justified. 5. The decision making the capacity of the patient depends upon the choice between appropriate treatment option and understanding the relevant information provided by the physicians which include the current status of patient and complication of the medication process. It is necessary that the patient should have their view of the medical condition and consequences. They must provide relevant reasons for the treatment option they have chosen. 6. Death is not at all bad because people remain in a long state of unconsciousness, and it is impossible to imagine that state. It is not very easy to say when an individual will suffer death. Death is considered as bad due to it remove the desirability of life. The moment a person died then, the person do not exist anymore. If a brain injury reduces a man's mental health to that of an infant, then it will free the man from care. The intelligent person then will be considered as a subject of misfortune. People around the person pity on him but the person do not mind because he merely exists. 7. Active euthanasia associated with the dying of patient due to some other person. And when the patient died because of the inactivity of professionals then it termed as passive euthanasia. If a wounded soldier wants to extend his life although of his injury, then the other soldier must support the moral decision of letting die over killing. Charity attaches individuals for doing a favor to each others. Justice is associated with the positive service and the fact what men owe to each other. 8. When someone in the family seriously gets ill, and the entire family is suffering both mentally and economically then to relief them from suffering the patient have to choose the decision of death. The physician can help the process by assisting in a suicide and by not abandoning the patient at the death moment.

My Body is My Own Business free essay sample

Naheed Mustafa’s is speaking to her sisters of Islam to pull away from western thought process of what is beautiful. She does this through using racially divisive hook, â€Å"I OFTEN wonder whether people see me as a radical, fundamentalist Muslim terrorist packing an AK-47 assault rifle inside my jean jacket†. Her tone is a sharp frustration of western culture. This literary style will most definitely attract people of her race and gender. â€Å"My Body is My Own Business† and â€Å"Chicken-Hips† discloses western cultures fallacies on what is beautiful. Naheed states that, â€Å"WOMEN are taught from early childhood that their worth is proportional to their attractiveness†. Catherine states, â€Å"I come from a culture in which it is almost unseemly for a woman to eat too heartily. It’s considered unattractive†. Both authors succeed in pointing out western cultures values on what is beautiful. Pigott’s write in a manner which is easier to digest for public reading. We will write a custom essay sample on My Body is My Own Business or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If it were to be placed in a national newspaper it would printed on liberal and conservative papers. You feel you’re discovering what she is has learnt through her experiences in Africa. She does this my making her ironic state (being overweight but still under sized) delightfully humorous. Naheed’s essay if you were to place hers in a national newspaper it would only be print in a liberal paper. Her tone would be considered too brash for other racial groups. It was written not for the average person to understand. Her essay is more of a statement of, â€Å"who I am and I don’t care what you think of me†. She speaks in great detail how the hijab is a lightning rod for ridicule by others who are less enlighten. â€Å"I get the whole gamut of strange looks, stares, and covert glances†. However, it is her source of freedom to disengage from the physical values press upon women within western society. â€Å"My appearance is not subjected to public scrutiny, my beauty, or perhaps lack of it, has been removed from the realm of what can legitimately be discussed†. How I personally view this, she chose to carry a different cross of objectification for another. I see her hijab as a bunker from western values she bombarded with.

American Opportunity essays

American Opportunity essays Opportunity is defined in Websters Dictionary as a good position, chance or prospect for achievement, which can be compared to the idea of The American Dream. After all, America is known as the land of opportunity, Most people come to America in search of a better life and achieve it through hard work and dedication to their cause. The poem by Jimmy Santiago Baca So Immigrants Are Taking Jobs from Americans and the interview by Studs Terkel Arnold Schwarzeneggers Dream are united under the subject of immigrants, but separated by how each views opportunity differently, depending on ones ethnicity. First of all, in the poem of Santiago Baca, he implies that immigrants do not have opportunities in this country, that there is no American dream. His narrator observes, I see the poor marching for a little work, I see small white farmers selling out to clan-suited farmers living in New York (Baca 1111). Here, the narrator implies that immigrants come to this country in the hope of finding a better world, but what they find is the sad reality of an immigrant: acquiring poor paying jobs and taking the leftover jobs. In the same way, Bacas poem denotes negativism about opportunities for immigrants in America: I see this, and I hear only a few people got all the money in this world, the rest count their pennies to buy bread and butter (Baca 1111). He indicates that only a few are lucky enough to succeed and make their dreams come true, but the rest have to stay their whole lives struggling to just have a piece of something. Baca also assumes that opportunities for immigrants are rare t o the point of risking their lives to achieve some dreams that are out of reach: Below that cool green sea of money, millions and millions of people fight to live, search for pearls in the darkest depths of their dreams (Baca 1111). The author insists that ...

Learning Disability? There Are Many Resources for You

All people learn differently. But while all students have naturally variable approaches to learning (read more about different learning styles here ), others have difficulties with specific skills that generally come more easily to their peers. A learning disability is a neurologically-based processing disorder that makes it difficult for people to learn basic skills such as reading, writing, and math, or higher level skills such as organization, time planning, abstract reasoning, long or short term memory and attention. Some people have a learning disability in a specific area, in which case the individual’s performance would be significantly lower in that subject compared with every other area. Do you suspect you have a learning disability? If you, your parents, or your teachers think that might be the case, it’s important to have a psychologist or other certified tester diagnose it through formal testing. Once you have a diagnosis, there are many resources to help you succeed.   Also remember that having a learning disability doesn’t mean you’re not smart or won’t have a bright future. On the contrary, many successful people have learning disabilities, such as Steven Spielberg, Keira Knightley, Anderson Cooper, and Tommy Hilfiger, who all have dyslexia. They didn’t let it hold them back, and there’s no reason why you need to, either! Read on for more for more information about resources for students with learning disabilities. There are different types of learning disabilities. Here are a few of the more common ones. Our Early Advising Program helps students in 9th and 10th grade discover their passions and build strong academic and extracurricular profiles to succeed in high school. Some disorders, such as ADHD (Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) and Dyspraxia, are not technically learning disorders, although they can still affect and impact students’ learning abilities. Many of the accommodations we describe below may also apply to students with these disorders. If you have a learning disability and are concerned with how it’s impacting your schoolwork and other areas of learning, your first step is to get it diagnosed and make sure your high school has all the necessary documentation. Ask your parents to set up a meeting with your guidance counselor or other school administrators to discuss the situation and describe what accommodations you will need, if you know. You will probably need a letter or confirmation from your psychologist or whomever gave you the diagnosis explaining your disability and how it affects your ability to complete you schoolwork. There are other types of support available to you. For instance, the SAT , ACT , and AP exams offer special accommodations for people with different types of learning disabilities, such as extra time. To learn more about how they can support you, check out our post, 2017 Welcomes New Testing Policies for Accommodations on the SAT . Additionally, many schools will give you extra time, assign you to a school therapist, allow you to type your assessments if need be, and make other accommodations depending on your needs. If you have a learning disability, remember that you’re not alone. Millions of other students have one too. Because there are so many people with learning differences, there are numerous organizations and associations that are dedicated to supporting these individuals and their parents. There are several unique resources for students with specific learning disabilities. You’ll likely find that your high school and the other people with whom you learn and interact are more than willing to help and support you. Still, you should make an effort to seek out services that can assist you. If you’d like a tutor to help you with your schoolwork or standardized test preparation, make sure you look for one who is specifically trained to work with students with your learning disability. You can often find tutors with this type of training through local learning centers, colleges, or your high school. Document your learning disability on your college applications. For tips on how to address it, check out How to Address a Mental Health Issue or Disability on Your College Application . When touring, visiting, or speaking with representatives at prospective colleges, ask if they have resources and accommodations for your learning disability. Many schools have dedicated learning centers that can assist you. In addition, check out the Mentorship Program . Our mentors drive significant personal and professional development for their high school mentees, and can provide insight on unique circumstances like navigating high school with a learning disability.   Combining mentorship with engaging content, insider strategies, and personalized analyses, our program provides students with the tools to succeed. As students learn from successful older peers, they develop confidence, autonomy, and critical thinking skills to help maximize their chances of success in college, business, and life.

Tragic Flaws in School Funding Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tragic Flaws in School Funding - Assignment Example As averred, the authors indicate that â€Å"policymakers give more resources to students who have more resources, and less to those who have less† (Carey and Rosa, 2008, 1). The authors supported their contentions through a comparative analysis of funding distribution between two apparently similar schools when gauged through external appearances: the Cameron Elementary School in Fairfax County in Virginia and the Ponderosa Elementary School in Cumberland County, North Carolina. Further, a closer examination of policies from the federal, state and local agencies, reveal the culprits for the disparities. The authors finally presented viable recommendations that indicate the need for â€Å"federal and state policies should continue to target poor students and poor schools but use inverse funding formulas† (Casey and Rosa, 2008, 1). Main Argument or Message The main message that the authors aim to reveal is the clear and distinct unequal allocation of funds for schools tha t are currently skewed towards higher income students rather than the neediest.

Breaking cultural boundaries with art works Dissertation

Breaking cultural boundaries with art works - Dissertation Example The intention of this study is the concept of identity as one which continues to transform according to the definitions placed on artists, society and individual experiences which many have. When looking at identity, there is a question of the divisions which are made as well as how this associates with others that are looking at the identity which one carries. The identity is one which begins with labels and divisions that are associated with an individual and is inclusive of everything from cultural ideals to belief systems and expectations which occur. The result is boundaries which are created and conflicts that are associated with the identity in which many believe in. The result is the pushing of boundaries between the other, or marginalized identity, as opposed to the popular identity which one lives in. Understanding the cultural differences, divisions which are made and how this affects the concept of identity is one of the ideologies which continues to evolve, dependent on the beliefs which one holds. The concept of cultural differences and identity which occurs is not only based on the several associations with identity, such as society, culture and belief systems. There is also an exploration of how this affects the statements and beliefs of many in society, specifically with the association in culture, politics and overall belief systems. The divisions which are made are not only associated with the boundaries that are created between identities. There are reflections of this which are noted in artistic works. ... Specifically, the paper will create an understanding of how the current boundaries within society are questioned in artistic works and how this relates to the changing of identity such as through language, culture, politics, language, expression or experience in Alys, Minh Ta and Piper. There will be an examination of artistic works in relation to the current development of cultural differences and boundaries which are created. The overall understanding will then relate to the belief of division by culture and identity while showing how these statements continue to change according to the identity which one holds and which creates a boundary between the popular and marginalized identity which one has. The objectives of this research paper are as follows: Examine the overall concepts of identity and how this relates to society and politics Examine the changes being made according to cultural differences Develop an understanding of cultural identity and how this relates to art Examine the cultural identity and how this pushes or creates boundaries in contemporary culture Define the concepts of expression and artistic works according to different artists and how this relates to the idea of cultural identity The overall examination of artistic works will relate specifically to the understanding of cultural differences and identity as well as how this defines the boundaries that are created. There will be a further examination that shows artistic works that question the ideas of identity and how this relates to the effects of those within society. Literary Theory The concept of cultural differences and identity is one which is associated with a variety of theories and concepts. The current theories and beliefs will be examined to

Implications of Gambling Industry on UK Business Environment Essay Example for Free

Implications of Gambling Industry on UK Business Environment Essay Gambling opportunities have sharply increased all over the UK in a short period of a couple of years. It has been transforming into a socially acceptable means of entertainment due to the increasing leniency in laws regarding gambling. Gambling has been made available in all areas of the city and special facilities have opened for this purpose. Betting offices, clubs, and casinos are just a few examples of such places. â€Å"Gambling is playing games involving chance or placing bets in the hope or expectation of winning money. Gambling takes many forms, from buying lottery tickets in a raffle to playing the football pools or betting on the Grand National to table gaming in casinos. † (Basic facts about the British Gambling Industry, pg. 2) Developments in science and technology have open new gates for gamblers on a global scale. Nowadays, gamblers can take advantage of online gambling facilities to indulge themselves in these activities without leaving their houses just by using their credit cards. The government has further opened opportunities to gamble on telephones if you have activated an account with a bookmaker. According to a report prepared by KPMG, the total amount betted on gambling activities in Britain in the year 1998 reached 42,121 million pounds. The amount spent in casinos was the topmost which calculated up to 18,547 million pounds. A Brief History of Gambling in Britain â€Å"The high point of gambling in Britain is considered to be a period of aristocratic excess in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Upper-class gaming was characterized by deep play (defined by the philosopher Jeremy Bentham as gambling for stakes so high that it becomes irrational) and crazy, eccentric wagers, such as the one apparently struck by the northern baron who bet he could make it to Lapland and back within an allotted time, accompanied by two reindeer and two native females. He won his bet. † (Atherton, pg. 28+) The Gaming Act of 1845 declared the games of chance as illegitimate. For a long period of time until 1960, gambling carried on inside the UK as an illegal business. It was in 1960 that the government took a major step in the legalization of this industry. Hence, the betting and gaming Act of 1960 was introduced for this legalization process. The Betting and Gaming Act of 1960 altered the previous laws and paved the way for the development of gambling outlets especially casinos all over the UK. Since this was the first time that gambling was permitted in the UK, the government did not take necessary precautions to control the side effects that are associated with gambling activities. This was the major cause of the rise in crimes in Britain at that time since criminals found these new legalized gambling outlets and casinos as a good place to strengthen their footholds. Moreover, loans and losses in gambling gave birth to new criminals as addicted gamblers adopted thefts, burglaries, and other money-making crimes to fulfill their gambling compulsions. As time passed, lawmakers realized the need for a new act that would focus on these issues that have risen after the legalization of gambling. Therefore, the Gaming Act of 1968 was brought in to impose certain restrictions on the gambling industry. With the introduction of the Gaming Act of 1968, the Gaming Board was seriously planning to put a ban on Roulette but they succumbed to the demands of the gambling industry. (http://www. hca. heacademy. ac. uk/resources/TDG/reports/gaming-example-wolfe. ppt) The launching of the National Lottery and the increasing trend in online gambling during the 1990s led to the revision of betting duty by the British government. Afterwards, the government decreased the taxation on betting activities by a considerable amount. General Betting Duty (GBD), a particular type of tax on betting activities that was charged on the percentage of stakes has been replaced by another one, known as Gross Profits Tax (GPT). This new type of tax is charged on the net profits that a bookmaker makes. They also decided to replace the current general betting duty (GBD), levied as a proportion of betting stakes, with a gross profits tax (GPT), based on the net revenue of bookmakers. (Paton, et. Al, pg. F296)

Students :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Students that struggle with reading in school is not a new problem. This has been a challenge for teachers for years and continues to be an issue in school systems nationwide. As stated in video program five, â€Å"While a child’s development may be delayed, the developmental pattern will remain the same.† (Bear, 2004 ). This really lets school officials know that these students are reachable, but the teachers need to provide appropriate instruction for the student’s developmental level. There are several things to be considered such as: grouping, type of instruction, spelling words, and vocabulary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teaching special education, it seems that my students are usually grouped in the teacher/child ratio. Within those small groups there are a variety of reading levels and adjustments that have to be made. We have reading groups everyday in my classroom. My students along with my teammates students are grouped according to ability. Even with that type of grouping remediation for some students is needed because of their rate of progress. It was stated in video program five that struggling readers need repetition, practice, and explicit instruction (Bear,2004). I try to provide this through different modalities. One strategy is a computer program called Intelli-talk.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is a program similar to Cowriter or Write Out Loud. It allows information to be inputted into the system by the teacher and it will orally read the directions, any reading or activities that go with the lesson. This program also allows pictures to be associated with vital vocabulary in the reading in the form of a word bank. By clicking on a picture the students can review a brief definition of the word and hopeful this will aid them in completing the vocabulary/comprehension activities. This program will also allow the teacher to make a word web and using the pictures mentioned early, the students can match the correct word with the picture. This is a great way to have students review independently what was read or discussed previously in a small group setting. This also allows the teacher to engaged in another activity with other students without having to be directly one on one with another student.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My students are tested annually on 400 basic sight words using the Brigance test. Any words that the students do not know how to read are given to them as spelling words. The students are expected to know what the word means, how to read and spell the words by the end of the week. Supplemental activities for classwork and homework are given as a reinforcement.

Critical Thinking Paper

Thinking and Decision Making Paper University of Phoenix MGT/350 December 13, 2010 Cyndie Shadow Critical thinking and decision making are more related than people know. Critical thinking affects the way people think, the way people live, and the decision they make. Good decision making is the backbone of sound management. This paper will analyze the three different types of thinking styles. Also, this paper will provide you with critical thinking and decision making processes by discussing workplace examples that highlight each of the three different types of thinking. The three different types of thinking are scientific, creative, and persuasive. After reading this paper learning more about critical thinking and decision making you will then have a better understanding of their relationship. This paper should provide you with the benefits of both critical thinking and decision making both personally and professionally. Persuasive Thinking Persuasive thinking is the thought process that is trying to influence someone to accept a message (Kirby & Goodpastor,  2007). This type of thinking is extremely too difficult to master, but when done well can be very effective. The main points to consider when using this type of thinking an individual must understand; human nature, emotions, and think carefully before attempting to get someone to accept a message. An individual must also be aware of the time and the place the message is being communicated, and understands his or her involvement in the message it’s self. Most important, the message being conveyed must be understood, the audience, and the audiences’ values. A thinker that can understand all of these complex pieces of persuasive thinking will be successful at getting the people they are attempting to persuade to accept his or her message. Scientific Thinking Scientific thinking and the scientific method have been a part of problem solving and communication since before the modern era. The scientific method has four specific steps used in the thinking process. The first is observation, and brainstorming the causes and effects of a certain situation or phenomenon. This is the beginning of thinking. The second step to the scientific method is hypothesis, a tentative statement about the relationship between two variables, usually in the form of a prediction (Kirby & Goodpastor,  2007). The hypothesis is similar to an educated guess that formulates the experiment. Experimentation is the third step of the scientific method. This is necessary to test the hypothesis and determine the correct cause and effect through various types of research. The final step of the scientific method is verification, or the analysis of data to see if that data supports or disputes the hypothesis. If the hypothesis is not supported the communication was incorrect somewhere and needs to be restarted at step one. Creative Thinking According to â€Å"VirtualSalt, 2010† Creative Thinking is the ability to imagine or invent something new. Unlike Persuasive thinking, Creative thinking is much easier to master. It is basically taking your own ideas and sharing that information into an objective. Anyone can think creatively, in fact, much of everyone’s thinking is some form of creatively. A person only thinks of creativity as a gift or skill, but a person could learn creative techniques from a teacher. Creativity starts with brainstorming. Brainstorming allows the mind to flow from thought to thought. Being creative is a benefit of having fun. There’s five creative methods in creative thinking process which are; evolution, synthesis, revolution, reapplication, and changing direction. Many organization work effectively together by using each other’s strengths, rather than punishing each other because of their difference. Our creativity can generate an astonishing amount of material, and creativity is involving continually in all areas of our thinking (Kirby & Goodpaster, 2007). Compare and Contrast Creative thinking, scientific thinking, and persuasive thinking have many similarities. Although they share similar traits, these thinking styles are also different from each other. A few of the similarities between these three thinking styles are that they all play an important role in critical thinking and commonly used in the decision making process to reach a solution. Creative thinking is when something new is created due to an individual’s thoughts. Many people use creative thinking in their daily routine which helps in tackling complex Creative thinking can be challenging at times as people don’t realize when they use this style. Creative thinking is one of the first steps of the critical thinking process however it can be used at any time during the process. Creative thinking is used in many situations such as creating a new product, creating a schedule, or even dealing with children. Without creative thinking there wouldn’t be consistence and frequent growth in new inventions. Unlike creative thinking, scientific thinking is a more serious thinking style. Scientific thinking is one of the most reliable types of thinking. It is also used by a lot of people in all areas of their everyday lives. There are four major steps in scientific thinking and at the end of that process we may be able to reach a persuasive conclusion. And last but not least is persuasive thinking. Persuasive thinking is when individual’s can encourage others to share their thoughts. Persuasive thinking is used by many people in their everyday lives however most people are not aware of it. We are more likely to be persuaded by someone who is knowledgeable, objective, rational, honest, attractive, convinced, similar to us, and by someone who appeals to our values, ours needs, and our wants (Kirby & Goodpaster, 2007). Unlike the scientific thinking process the persuasive structure process has five steps. These five steps are very important when using persuasion. Another thing that plays an important role in persuasive thinking is the audience. The audience’s demographics, their values, and their needs are very important when it comes to persuasion. Critical thinking is a very complex subject to break down and be able to fit the ideas in a few paragraphs. Any action that leads to a reaction by humans requires some form of critical thinking process and be able to judge the outcome of the reaction created. Scientific, persuasive and creative styles of thinking are a process within the critical thinking map. These are styles that simply help mitigate risks. Scientific styles plays an important role in critical thinking as it could either be a start of an idea, or there could be some form of scientific style that plays an important role when the thought has matured, or it could be the ultimate solution to the thought. This style is used for effectiveness and being able to prove the impacts of these thoughts. Creative style helps in the exploration of a critical thought. This style helps in thinking outside the box and molds us to think of alternate solutions. Thinking about open ended questions is a very crucial part of this style. This helps the mind explore into unknown territories. This style can be used in the day to day routines in personal and professional lives. Decorating a home to creating a PowerPoint presentation requires this style. Creative style also helps in building, developing and creating a short term and long term vision of the thought. In the corporate environment this style has become very popular and employers have given this style quite an importance. For e. g. Google has a very lengthy interview process where one of the interviews is all about how creative you are and whether or not you are able to come up with a solution with this style. They are not looking for a right or wrong answer but is able to test and reason their creative thoughts on the given problem. The last but not the least is the persuasive style. This style requires expertise and the ability to gain confidence of your audience to convince them about your message. One may have a brilliant thought, but not being able to persuade your audience can cause a huge problem. There may be finances involved with your thought but not being able to effectively convince your audience on how, the thought remains a thought. Persuasive style requires some scientific and some creative thinking as these go hand in hand. For e. g. There is a software idea that helps resolve the needs of a sales team. In order to prove this idea, scientific and creative thinking can help in the building blocks to the software. The next step is to be able to prove this idea and this requires persuasiveness. The need to connect with your audience and at the end of the day be able to persuade and convince them to buy the software for their sales team. Conclusion Thinking is something that everyone does on daily basis. This paper described the persuasive, creative, and scientific thinking styles that could be used by an individual or group to determine the best solution for a given problem. One thinking style may work in a particular situation while another is best for a different situation entirely. Each individual is different and therefore has a thinking style that works best for them in a given situation. Understanding each thinking style and selecting the style that best suits the individual is the key to finding the best possible decision. References Kirby, G. R. & Goodpaster, J. R. (2007). Thinking (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Kirby, G. , & Goodpastor, J. (2007). Thinking: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Critical and Creative Thought. Retrieved from  https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/TOC. aspx? assetdataid=d714d42b-a9b3-4644-abe2-bd0499f8f9ca&assetmetaid=8b8803a8-2bba-48b1-be11-f0f4106b8920. Virtualsalt, 2010 retrieved on December 13, 2010 from http://www. virtualsalt. com/crebook1. htm

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Introduction to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Introduction to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Gary L Williams Western Governors University Introduction to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) The new millennium has produced many changes in the world as we know it. Our national security which seemed to be impermeable has revealed its vulnerability to being breached. Remember September 11, 2001 when the hi-jacking of planes lead to the destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City, and severe damage the Pentagon in Washington DC.Now our Healthcare System has now moved into the information highway. How you may ask, through the introduction of the EMR. So will the EMR be safe and secure? Let us investigate. So just what is the EMR? There are many formal definitions but the one that stands out and will be used today is from the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS). It states: The Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a longitudinal electronic record of pati ent health information generated by one or more encounters in any care delivery setting.Included in this information are patient demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunizations, laboratory data and radiology reports. The EHR automates and streamlines the clinician's workflow. The EHR has the ability to generate a complete record of a clinical patient encounter – as well as supporting other care-related activities directly or indirectly via interface – including evidence-based decision support, quality management, and outcomes reporting. (HIMSS) Within this definition there is a multitude of system components.Think of it like the multiple Introduction to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) dividers that were found in the paper medical record. For instance, you may see headers like, medication record, order entry, nursing assessments, the plan of care, education, radiology, cardiology, etc. Under the medication tab la ys the eMAR, medication history, and reconciliation. Each band with the click of the mouse will open a new file within this record. The design is formatted to follow a systematic flow with check boxes, drop down lists, or free text space to document the patient findings, activities, and assessments.The EMR will have many benefits for the entire healthcare team and the patient. By development and design with the assistance of key personnel, the EMR should flow and make documentation easier. By having a standardized flow and options to document the standards of care, documenting should become easier and provide more consistency. Take for example a urine description. You may see for color description amber, yellow, red, clear, or tea. Then cloudy, turbid, clots, or mucous followed by malodorous, sweet, or pungent. This will provide a means of potential measurement for Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM).How many patients with UTI receiving Bactrim DS have amber mucous pungent urine on a GU u nit? Can you see the pattern? The EMR will assist in critical thinking as well. Your physical assessment for instance may be by body system or a complete head to toe assessment. These screens will assist the nurse in reminders of required documentation. The nurse may receive a task list for a certain procedure or required documentation of a high risk factor, such as fall precautions, to alert the bedside nurse or technician that the document is due or past due.Introduction to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) The EMR will provide real time data and reports from various disciplines within the healthcare facility. For instance, a Vancomycin trough was ordered at 0700 and its 0900 and the IV medication is due. By selecting the laboratory tab your result will be there in front of you before the dose is administered. The same can be expected of radiology imagining results, EKG, stress test reports, a bedside capillary glucose test done by the technician. No more searching through multi ple computer systems or piles of lab results to find the data you need.The information is there and readily available. Healthcare providers have the penmanship of a deranged mad scientist. How often do you have multiple nurses trying to determine what Dr. Hyde just wrote? What if you guess wrong? Now you place that call to Dr. Hyde for clarification when you have a multitude of things to be doing. With Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE), no longer will guessing what was written be an issue. Standard order sets will be available with the opportunity to be individualized or modified from a pre-determined list of ommon orders for routine admission or for specific disease processes like the Acute Myocardial Infarction. Included may be diet, activity, vital signs, IV fluids, labs, EKG, PCXR, or consults. As touched upon earlier with the urine sample report, there is a myriad of potential data that can be extrapolated to form reports for research and to assist with the EBM. What is the average number of days for patients on the ventilator for June, 2011? How many patients in the rehabilitation unit have pressure ulcers? Maybe a nurse says to the unit manager that it seems like a large number of the patients on the unit have C- Difficile?A report can be run to show Introduction to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) trends of the patients with this condition. Maybe it’s a hand washing issue or cross contamination from multi-use bathroom facilities. There are many opportunities that would at best have been difficult to track from the old paper medical record. Identity theft is rampant in this world of technology. How will the EMR be secured? How can the nurse access the EMR? Today home computers are almost essential. The same virus and malware that affect your home computer can infect the EMR if security is lacking.The Information Technology team will provide the overall security for the system by continuous upgrades to software like antivirus and firewal l protection. Each team member will be issued a unique log-in and password to access the EMR. This must be kept strictly confidential for the nurse’s protection. This secure log-in is like a finger print of the assigned user. When the EMR is accessed, there is a time stamp of what records were accessed, for what length of time, and by whom. A secure trail of entry into the EMR can be traced. What is the Personal Health Record (PHR) and how does it differ from the EMR?The PHR is essentially the same document that you would produce in the Physician’s Office. The PHR can be completed online either through a Physician’s Office or through an outside resource. Things that would be included in the PHR might be your name, address, telephone number, date of birth, and possibly the social security number. This record could also contain your Physicians name and phone number, the list of your current medications and dosages, a list of current and Introduction to the Electro nic Medical Record (EMR) past medical conditions, and passed surgical history.This type of a record is usually maintained by the patient themselves. The PHR will differ from the Electronic Medical Record in that the Electronic Medical Record is property of the Health Care facility and not the consumer. The personal health record becomes more vulnerable to breaches in security since it is maintained by the consumer. For example, I might give my sign on and password to my family or friend to input data for me. This obviously breaches ones security. This allows access to these individuals to alter ones personal health record at will.The website that maintains the personal health record may not be as secure as that of the Health Care facility. The Electronic Medical record is usually maintained by the healthcare facility, outpatient clinic, or Physician’s Office. These healthcare facilities must maintain high security to protect the information within that medical record. In 1996 , Congress passed a law entitled The Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act (HIPAA). This law was designed: -To improve portability and continuity of health insurance coverage in the group and individual markets. To combat waste, fraud, and abuse in health insurance and health care delivery. -To reduce costs and the administrative burdens of health care by improving efficiency and effectiveness of the health care system by standardizing the interchange of Introduction to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) electronic data for specified administrative and financial transactions. -To ensure protecting the privacy of Americans’ personal health records by protecting the security and confidentiality of health care information. (James) The security and confidentiality are paramount. Fines are levied as a result of a breech to the HPPA law.There must be alerts to vulnerabilities, safeguards to help protect the EMR and the Information Technology team must be able to identi fy possible threats. Using an EMR (electronic medical record) has no absolute right and wrongs in either computer equipment or software for HIPAA compliance. Usually there are four areas to examine: -Physical Security – can your computers with patient data be stolen? -User Security – can anybody log on to the patient database? -System Security – what happens on a hard drive crash? -Network Security – can unauthorized persons outside your facility access patient data? Milne, 2006) Security is never easy to maintain; it requires continuous safeguarding. As a team we are all responsible to assist in the security of the EMR. Always log on and off when you are no longer Introduction to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) using the bedside computer. Always check before charting that it is indeed you that is longed into the system and that only one patient record at a time is open for use. The EMR can be a valuable tool for Quality Improvement (QI). Through the design phase, a number of measurable data can be built into the EMR for report generation.If the team wanted to look at the number of times vital signs were not documented as dictated per Policy & Procedure. This data can be built into the system and reports run daily, weekly, or monthly. The same thing can be built to monitor for overdue or omitted medications. This can be further expanded to identify which team member is involved and to check for trends. Data may also be collected to support EBM. For example, tracking the effectiveness of two different antibiotic treatment regimens of a selected disease process may be used to support a change in the disease treatment (e. . antibiotic A showed improvement in five days where as antibiotic B showed improvement in ten days. ) Here again the possibilities seem endless. Think of the time savings for all the key people that would be required to look through endless paper medical records for this type of data collection in the paper medic al record. So how does the EMR come to fruition? It takes a large team of various specialties and specialists to develop the EMR. It starts with the Healthcare system researching and then purchasing the best system to fit the company’s needs and requirements.Once purchased, the owner of the software will deploy a team of specialists that will assist the Healthcare systems team to design and develop the contents and flow of the EMR. The team includes senior management which will assist in the purchase and be the governing authority of the proposed Introduction to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) work flow before implementation. There are many subdivided teams. Nursing will have Subject Material Experts (SME) that will be the voice to assist in the flow, wordage, and design of the nursing components of the EMR. The SME’s will be from every department of nursing.From this group will be the Super User. The Super User will act as the cheerleader for the project developme nt and will be the main source for assisting with the Go Live of the EMR. The Information Technology (IT) will be a multi-tiered group ranging from System Support Analyst or the front line of communication, the Computer Programmers and System Analyst or the builders and troubleshooters, to the Project Managers or the supervisors of the IT team. Nursing will also have the Clinical Informatics Application Analyst who will be the voice between nursing and the technical side of issues, concerns, and development.The End User which is the front lines of nursing and everyone that will be using the system for documentation. And last but not least will be the Educators that will teach the system to the entire team. This is a rather large of individuals working as the voice of the EMR development and implementation. In conclusion, change will be rough at times but change is necessary for progression. Be positive and listen to the teams and the tips that are offered. Assist each other as suppo rt with the continued learning and development of the EMR. The Technology age is here and we should all reap the benefits of this endeavor.Remember how Florence Nightingale was the frontier to nursing as we know it. Well each of you deserves a pat on the back as you are the pioneers that have lead nursing into the technology phase of the Electronic Medical Record. You too are a part of nursing history. References HIMSS. (n. d. ) EHR Electronic Health Record. Retrieved from http://www. himss. org/asp/topics_ehr. asp James, R. (n. d. ) What is HIPPA? Retrieved from http://www. dhmh. state. md. us/hipaa/whatishipaa. html Milne, M. (2006, March 6). HIPAA in a â€Å"Nutshell† – Guidelines for EMR and Paper Medical Records Compliance.Retrieved from http://ezinearticles. com/? HIPAA-in-a-Nutshell—Guidelines-for-EMR-and-Paper- Medical-Records-Compliance&id=156737 Ten open ended questions. 1. When the EMR is first implemented on your unit, how can you assure the patient that you are competent in your profession? You will explain that you are a seasoned nurse and an expert in the nursing field. Today our facility is introducing the new EMR which will benefit you in the future. This will take a little more time for me to learn and I do not want you to feel like you are being ignored. I may have to ask you a lot of questions as I go through each section.Please feel free to ask me any questions or concerns that you may have. Our goal is your comfort and safety though the high quality of care. 2. On the day of Go-Live, how can your unit best assist you in providing support as you learn this new technology? My unit manager should over staff initially as we learn the new system. I can foresee the nurse being so buried in the computer that the delivery of care might be too slow initially. Having the extra staff will decrease the patient load and allow extra hands to assist with the delivery of care. 3. As you learn the new system there will be some anticip ated frustration.How can you divert this frustration so that your patient doesn’t sense that something is wrong? We will need to have the Super-User and Analyst available to assist us as problems or concerns occur. It is imperative that the bed side nurse remain positive an up beat as we learn. I suggest maybe huddles through out the day away from the bed side to discuss our concerns. We don’t want the patient to feel uncomfortable. 4. Your patient asks you why it is important to have the computer charting. Briefly tell me what you might say and why? The EMR is being implemented throughout the area as well as world wide.As you record develops, we will only need to verify some of your past medical history, allergies, medications, etc. These types of data will flow from one visit to another making you care easier as the data is readily available. No more waiting for old charts to arrive and thumbing through page after page of data to look for pertinent information. 5. Ho w do you perceive future benefits of an interoperable EMR? It will be possible in the future as the EMR progresses, that your hospital record, physician office record, out patient records, and pharmacy to communicate with each other.By doing so, some potential errors may be thwarted. For instance, maybe you are not able to recall all of your home medications and your consulting physician decides you need a new blood pressure medication. If the records could speak to each other then this physician would be able to see that you were already prescribed an antihypertensive medication or the pharmacy might catch the possible error. 6. Futuristically, let’s say you take a dream vacation to a foreign country. While on your visit you become ill and collapse unconsciously.How can the interoperable EMR potentially be a benefit in this case? If the system develops into a world wide communication link, then with limited data perhaps the hospital in the foreign country would be able to ac cess and utilize my EMR to provide answers in how to deliver the best possible care for me. So if I went in with a suspected ruptured appendix, by accessing my EMR surgical history it would be noted that I have had an appendectomy ten years prior so the focus could be directed at another possible cause. 7.Your patient states to you that she hates the computer and that it is the devils advocate. She is tearful and appears anxious. How might you handle this as you are in the middle of documenting in the EMR? You should stop what you are doing and maybe sit beside the patient and gently hold her hand and ask what seems to be troubling her? She might say she feels the nurses spend more time touching the computer and no time touching her, as you just did, and that we come across as cold and not caring. We need to realize that patient interaction is still paramount to the overall delivery of care.Take time to interact with the patient. Then step back and document; perhaps explaining what you are documenting and why it is important to her care. 8. What do you anticipate will be your plan of action when the computer system is down? What will be your back up plan? If the computer is down for a set amount of time, as determined by the hospitals administration, then the paper chart will be utilized. If the downtime is for an extended period of time, then this data would be scanned into the EMR as soon as possible after the computer system is back on line.If the duration was short, say an hour or so, then this data should be manually documented back into the EMR with the assessment time documented. 9. How do you anticipate computer physician order entry being a benefit? For one legibility! No more trying to decode what you think may have been written. It will be clear and concise. Also the physician may be able to look at documentation form somewhere other than the patients unit and decide orders need to be given. He can simply do computer order entry and a task will appe ar for new orders.If the order is anything other than routine, a call should be placed to alert the nurse of the priority. 10. What do see as a benefit to Quality Improvement by the institution of the EMR on a unit basis? We will be able to track data at a faster and higher accuracy a opposed to thumbing through paper record after record searching for data collection. The data collected can be as concise as to a particular nurse or a specific health issue. The data collected helps to support EBM change.

Prohibition and the 18th Amendment to the Constitution essays

Prohibition and the 18th Amendment to the Constitution essays The 18th Amendment to the Constitution -passed by Congress in 1917, and ratified by  ¾ of the states by 1919 prohibited the manufacture or sale of alcoholic beverages within the boundaries of the United States. The Volstead Act of 1919, also known as the National Prohibition Enforcement Act, which was mandating "No person shall manufacture, sell, barter, transport, import, export, deliver, furnish or possess intoxicating liquor except as authorized in this act." It clearly defined an alcoholic beverage as one with an alcoholic content greater than 0.5 percent. The necessary 36 states ratified the amendment on January 16th of the same year. Allowing for the years adjustment, America went "dry" at the stroke of midnight, the morning of January 17th. The Prohibition Era began on January 16th, 1920, when the United States ratified the 18th Amendment, which prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol. The good intention ideals of the Prohibition Era led to several ill effects includi ng unbearable hypocrisy within the American society, corruption on all levels of government, and an astounding death toll, which was a result of the alarming crime rate. Prohibition in the United States was a measure designed to reduce drinking by eliminating the businesses that manufactured, distributed, and sold alcoholic beverages. The best evidence available to historians shows that consumption of beverage alcohol declined dramatically under prohibition. In the 1920s consumption of beverage alcohol was about thirty percent of the pre-prohibition level. Consumption grew somewhat in the last years of prohibition, as illegal supplies of liquor increased and as a new generation of Americans disregarded the law and rejected the attitude of self-sacrifice that was part of the bedrock of the prohibition movement. Nevertheless, it was a long time after repeal before consumption rates to their pre-prohibition levels. In that sense, prohibition "worked." When...

The repeal of the US Banking Act 1933 (commonly known as the Essay

The repeal of the US Banking Act 1933 (commonly known as the Glass-Steagall Act) was a substantial cause of the global bankin - Essay Example Stock markets in most of the countries plunged and there was widespread inflation everywhere. Food and oil prices rose to an all time high. Oil price went as high as $147 a barrel. (Oil and Gasoline, April 6, 2011). Lack of purchasing power led to a fall in demand for goods and as a result several industries suffered. International institutions like IMF and European Union outlined several corrective policies and advised nations on adopting more risk aversive regulatory measures for the national financial institutions. All over the world the governments dished out policies and bailout programs for the citizens and institutions to tackle problems like inflation and unemployment. Most of the countries spent huge amount of money from their federal reserve’s in an effort to bring them back to the path of sustained growth. German government helped Hypo Real Estate with $50 billion (Bettinga and Parkin, September 29, 2008). Investors from UK had huge losses in the London Stock Exchan ge. On October 2008 the British government announced a plan worth $850 billion to rescue its banks from going into insolvency. (Nanto, 2010, p.58) The US government adopted the Troubled Asset Relief Program in 3rd October 2008 to rescue the distressed homeowners and also lent to $182 billion to AIG to prevent it from going down (GAO, 2009; The Troubled Asset Relief Program, n.d.). In total they pledged $700 billion to fight the recession in their country. The bailout though saved the economy for the time being, a lot of senators argued that these monetary assistance from public money cannot chart long-term growth stability for the country. They emphasized on the need for the Glass- Steagall Act that was enacted at the time of the Great Depression to be reinforced. In this paper we shall try to address the issue concerning whether the Glass-Steagall Act was needed to prevent the Financial Crisis. About the Act United States experienced worst recessions in its history during the 1930s . One of the primary reasons behind the recession was that the bankers and brokers of the nation were guilty of dubious financial practices like using their customer’s deposit to invest in stocks and securities. Also they used their financial might to inflate the prices of the securities and did not have enough capital cushions to back up their investments. So when the public got scared and wanted to withdraw their deposits a large number of banks went insolvent. A large number of small banks filed for bankruptcy and the nation faced an extreme crisis. Under such circumstances the US Banking Act of 1933 also called the Glass-Seagull Act was enacted under President Roosevelt to prevent the country from further such disasters. The Glass-Steagall Act had two main components. They are as follows: Setting up the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to insure the deposit of the customers and secure their deposit: This was done firstly, to restore the customers faith in bank deposits and secondly, to collect money so that the banks can be assisted in terms of liquidity crisis. A lot of banks were saved from bankruptcy by receiving capital from the FDIC. Separating the commercial banking activities from the investment banking activity: Firstly, this would prevent the banks from using the saving of their customer to indulge in buying stocks and bonds.

Science Meet Real Life Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Science Meet Real Life - Assignment Example It has been realized that there are some cases of students continually missing classes in the schools. It has also been noted that this is a phenomenon that seems to be on the rise and it is not just affecting a single student but it is becoming something that affects the population at large. The most probable reason for this is most likely to be caused by the food which is on offer in the schools. On critical examination of the subject matter. It is actually the most probable reason that can be linked to the case. This is so because the one thing which most of the students in the school share is the food. It might be that the food which is being offered right now may be from a supplier who may not be carrying out quality tests on it or at the same time the school restaurant may be having a lacking in the quality inspection which it is supposed to carry out. The problem can pose itself in two ways; either internally or externally. The statement "The Brentwood Indians basketball team lost the state championship because there is bad stuff in the stars happening with Mars in Aquarius" can be a suitable thesis statement in the course of carrying out research. The main reason for this is because it can be used as a statement from which a phenomenon can be established and in this case getting to know whether it is true or false. After having the statement as the guide it is when it can be established whether the research will fulfill its demands or

First Experiences in College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

First Experiences in College - Essay Example Personal Narrative An example of a common difficulty experienced by students in their first days is solitude when they still lack friends. Students have uneasy times, usually dealing with strangers and possible humiliations that they may face. Cultural diversity among the students who are strangers can cause tension. Racial tensions, for instance, are common among new college students (German 155). Interaction among the students may encourage interpersonal efficacy, betterment of self-confidence and self-awareness (Burks 110). During my first days, I maintained openness and, therefore, managed to make friends. In cases when a student does not have any familiar person studying in the college, he or she may experience isolation (German 156). Isolation may result to other detrimental emotional conditions. Time management without factors compelling students is another issue they find challenging during their first days in college. It is a student’s absolute responsibility to be disciplined to master the essence of proper time management, which is crucial to success in college education. I learnt that responsibility is an invaluable virtue for every college student.

Empowering Diverse Populations Essay Example for Free

Empowering Diverse Populations Essay Firstly, with this article, the usage of the term ‘minority groups’ and ‘minority’ was somehow in opposition to what the article posited about cultural competence and sensitivity. Being a Latino male myself, the author thinks that these two terms are derogatory and add to the ‘debilitating effect’ that the article itself posited. The article mentioned language and words which were used to create oppression within ethnic and cultural groups and were being transformed by these groups into terms that afforded them power. The writer thinks that the word ‘minority’ should not be used in referring to these groups who are more marginalized and oppressed. Using a systems point of view, outside systems impose these labels on the so-called ‘minority groups’ who tend to either reject or accept this input according to their own needs. However, in empowering diverse populations, the writer agrees with the article wherein she had cited Paolo Friere’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed in creating one’s on knowledge and situation to better understand the situation of a larger whole. Using indigenous knowledge of a group, individual or family, the social worker will be able to help them reach a higher understanding of their situation in connection to the larger society. The article’s focus on family fragmentation and disconnection as a result of a diversifying society (Pinderhughes, 1995) is only one effect of how wider influences and diverse cultures are affecting the world. However, focusing on the micro level of intervention and merely mentioning policy, institution and structural changes in society to cope with the problem is not enough. This would imply that the article sees family fragmentation as a problem produced within the family itself in its struggle to cope with diversity and oppression. That the family or the individual is the target for change or intervention seems rather derogatory for the writer. A holistic approach must be done, even if a social worker is focused on family practice, one must be able to apply Generalist Social Work Practice in order to solve the problem on all levels. References Pinderhughes, E. (1995). Empowering Diverse Populations: Family Practice in the 21st Century. Families in Society , 131-140.

Media Representations Of Mental Illness Sociology Essay

Media Representations Of Mental Illness Sociology Essay Mass Media plays an important role in the way society perceive mental illness and the people suffering from it. This essay will examine how mass media in the United Kingdom reports and portrays mental illness and how this representation negatively and positively affects societys perceptions of people suffering with mental illness. There are various definitions of mental illness. Judge Lawton (1974 ) describes mental illness as a word without proper definition linked to legal significance. Rogers and Pilgrim (2005) outlined that there is no proper definition brought by the legal framework of psychiatry. This frame emphasise mental disorder as linked to various criminal acts. The meaning of mental illness has become a controversial debate, with some sociologists arguing that it is about illness rather than being social deviance. In British law the notion of mental illness has come from the notion of mental disorders. The British Law does not give a clear definition regarding mental illness. It defines mental illness as a mental disorder as† an impairment of or disturbance in the functioning of the mind or brain resulting from any disability or disorder of the mind or brain† (Department of Health, 2004, p3, 5 cited in Rogers and Pilgrim2005, p8). Baker and Menken, (2001) cited in Rogers and Pilgrim (2 005) argue that reject the notion of regarding brain disorders as being a mental illness as misleading people to acquire knowledge about some brain disorders which are not physical ailment. Mass media refers to a range of media which convey information to the general population including radio, television, newspapers and all forms of publications in global age. Giddens (2006) distinguishes variety forms of mass media such as the press, cinema. In the report by Harris (2004), Anderson (2003), a British sociologist, claims that there has been an increase in mass media interest on issues relating to community care for the past decade and that there has been a growth of mass media interest on the institutionalisation of people with mental illness. He argues that newspapers have a great influence when reporting violent incidents of people with mental illness. Philo et al (1994) emphasizes that media has an impact on the public view of mental illness as people beliefs are based on their past experiences and judgements. Mass media has significant role to play in the stigmatisation of people with mental illness. Theoretically, the current mass media give a very bad image to people with mental illness by labelling them as being dangerous, violent and criminals. Cutcliffe and Hannigan (2001, p315) argues that the inappropriate representation of mental illness in mass media increases stigma, harassment and victimisation of individuals by the public. This has led to some theorists like Goffman, (1961) cited in Busfied (2001. p10) to define mental illness as â€Å"process of rejection, stigmatisation and social exclusion. Mass media may provoke strong passions which lead to a number of homicide over last forty years (Clutcliffe and Hannigan ( 2001). They also argue that government policy such as legislation concerning care has no clear provision of the care of people with mental illness in the society. As a result people with mental illness remain institutionalised. According to Anderson (2003, p298) sur vey shows that there is high incidents of homicides involving a person suffering of mental illness. He claims that mass media is the most powerful form in portraying those incidents. The newspaper report in 1994 of Stephen Laudat‘s case who was suffering from schizophrenia is one of the example how media portrays people with mental health. The media identifies him as â€Å"killer who should not have gone to jail†( Anderson, 2003, p298). Anderson claims that newspapers have great influence to the wider society when reporting violent incidents of people with mental illness. Some of the studies and researches carried by some psychiatrics draw the idea that people are strongly influenced by the language the mass media use in reporting incidents of people with mental illness. Apple and Wessley(1988) cited in Cutcliffe and Hannigan (2001) suggest that situations as real have a linkage to the style the information is represented and they become real in their consequences. Mass media represent negative effects of mental illness to the wider society, mainly dominated by episodes of violence (Giddens 2006). Violence can be defined as â€Å"a threat or use of force directed against the self or others in which physical harm or death is involved†. Harns (2004, p19). He argues that there are imbalances of press coverage of mental health issues reinforcing stigma and disempowering the quality of life to the sufferers. MIND , one of the leading organisation of people with mental disorders in the UK also argues that press coverage such as in the Sun newspaper convey strong messages to the public and give biased information which gives people negative view of people with mental health problems. According to a 1993 survey carried by Scottish Mental Health Working group it has been found that within five categories of mass media,† violence to others was 62%, harm to self 13%, sympathetic to others 18%, criticism of accepted definition of mental illness (1%) and comic images 2%† (Cutcliff and Hannigan2001 p316). It can be noted that in the above survey, violence coverage came up with the highest percentage which significantly means that peoples beliefs are based on what the media convey to them. However, Mackeown and Clancy (1995) cited in Anderson (2003)) emphasize that media have different degree of intensity on people who once have mental illness. Media may provoke strong passions and lead to violence. On the other hand it maybe relative minor information conveyed by media and have only limited relevance to every day life. In addition, Signorielli (1989 and Wahl 1992 cited in Cutcliffe and Hannigan 2001) claims that media labelling people with mental illness as dangerous and violence gives a bad reputation to mentally ill people and reinforces the public view of fear and anxiety ( Busfied 2001). The media interpretation of people with mental illness has a strong impact on the general public because of negative reports contribute to different attitudes towards the mental ill ( Anderson 2003). Bhugra (1989) believes that mental illness is linked to negative attitudes such a cruel treatment of mentally ill people. Negative attitude which the media portrays encourage pessimis tic attitudes to the public. Repper (1997cited in Busfied 2001) outlined three things which some of the public are ignorant in understanding mental illness. For instance, people do not have strong background knowledge of the diagnoses, ignorant of the types of behaviours and emotional attitudes which are acceptable towards people with mental illness. Mass media therefore plays a pivotal role in filling this gap of ignorance and people tend to learn mental health illnesses from reports from the media therefore making them vulnerable to negative reports which emanate from the media. According to Giddens (2006) there is now a wide variety of mass media in the United Kingdom but newspapers have become one of the biggest forms of media. In fact, newspapers have become a subsequent link between criminality, violence and mental ill health (Ward, 1997 cited in Andrew, 2007). Focusing on the newspapers which are dominating cultural interactive in the United Kingdom in this modern time, research reports it have proved that news reporting in newspapers has strong predominates coverage about mental illness (Busfied, 2001). Essentially, newspapers do not focus on the clear meaning of the undifferentiated terms, such as lunatic ,psycho, schizo, mental patient, mental ill, all these meanings become different when general public interpret them ( Harris, 2004). Most newspapers report incidents of people with mental illness using terms such as dangerous and violent. Harris (2004) describes the reports in newspapers as a classical institutional trait which has common norms, rule s, beliefs, and knowledge and that they all share behavioural patterns on the concept of dangerousness. According to various sociologists the notion of dangerousness is used to characterise situations. This notion of newspapers constructing meanings represent negative attitudes to mental ill people. Busfied (2001, p135) refer dangerous† as harm to self or others†. This dangerousness reveals to the public that mental ill people should stay away from the society. To the society point of view this particularly brings a close link between badness and illness. Newspapers interpret deviant behaviour, which is a behaviour that people so label. According to (Haralambos and Holborn) 1991, labelling is an â€Å"act of naming, the development of language to confer and fix the meaning of behaviour and symbolic internationalism and the phenomenology†. Moreover, according to Fulcher and Scott (2007), labelling theory claims that deviance and conforming result not much from what people do but from how others respond to those actions, it highlight social responses to mass media and deviance. Murder is one way that individual is labelled in a negative rather in a positive way (Anderson, 2003). Apple and Wesley (1988 cited in Anderson, 2003) cited the Hungerford massacre which outlined the story of Michael Ryan who committed a horrific homicide but there was no diagnosis of mental illness. Therefore sometimes people have wrong interpretations of horrific incidents and assumptions that violent incidents are only done by people with mental illness and their beliefs are constructed by the language used by newspapers. This leads to stigmatisation of people with mental illness and this is a negative social label which changes a persons self concept and social identity. According to Scheff (1984) stigmatising people often leads to retrospective labelling which he describes as the interpretation of someones past consistent with the present deviance. Retrospective labelling distorts a persons biography in prejudicial way guided by stigma than attempt to be fair. In order to reduce and tackle this stigmatising the Department of Health (1999b) initiated current mental healthcare policy which works towards promoting health to people with mental illness. (Anderson, 2003). Signorielli (1989) pointed out that films are another form of mass media which is culturally dominated in portraying the public life. Many films give a negative view of people with mental illness, for example films such as the Hollywood broadcast some vivid images which reveal negative effects to the public( Hyler,1988). In addition, films such as â€Å"psycho, (1960), One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest (1975) remained the greatest example in presenting madness (Hyler et al, 1991). The main issue in all these films is mainly based on the experience of mental ill people. Byrne (2000 cited in Anderson, 2003) mentioned some films such as â€Å"Shine (1989), Voices (2000) outlined that the synopsis of these films have great consequences to the lives of people with mental illness. For example the film Jack Nicolsons R.P MacMurghy (1970) refused to admission to mental institution as he was not having any problems related to mental illness but later lived in a mental institution. This shows h ow societys viewpoint can impact on each individuals view. The contemporary films draw people to fear resulting in a change of behaviour towards people with mental illness. Watching films like â€Å"Halloween (1978)and Psycho(1960) have horrific themes† which arouse peoples anxiety and create fear of people with mental illness because violent actions influence the way people see things (Anderson 2003,p229). Cutcliffe and Hannigan (2001) argue that films stereotype people with mental illness which in turn contribute to the stigmatisation of people with mental illness. This is supported by Hyler,et al.(1991) who points out that film stereotypes and illness linked to violence and psychiatry and mental illness still dominates synopsis in films. Films present wrong interpretation to the public about mental illness by showing images of violence and dangerous people. Philo, et al (1994) also says that the images of mental health people which the film broadcast and the emotional language seem to have a lot of stereotypes. Therefore, films publications help to give mental illness its shape. Although there are various forms of media, television is the main worldwide source form of media which produces information mostly in images across different countries, especially in economically developed countries (Cutcliff and Hannigan (2001). Television also broadcast images, dramas, cartoons and international news, presenting clearly mental illness in the context of violence and harm to others. (Anderson, 2003). According to the survey carried out by Glasgow Media Group in Scotland, 1993, it has been found that television is a typical form of mass media which primarily focus most of its programmes on people with mental illness. Furthermore, it has judgemental attitudes which have negative impact towards people with mental health problems and the wider society. In a nutshell, television has great consequences to mentally ill people and draws attention of the wider society to exclude them in social life. From the above analysis, it is evident that mass media is enormously influential in directing attention towards the relative and somewhat arbitrary nature of dominant definition of mental illness in Britain. There is uniformity in the way mass media represent people with mental illness. Different forms of media have great impact to the public by the way they convey their message to the public. Mass media is therefore misleading people by relating mental illness to violence and dangerousness.

Murder in the Bible Essay -- Murder Violence Bible Crime Christianity

Murder in the Bible The act of murder is rampant in the Bible. In much of the Bible, especially the Old Testament, there are laws that command that people be killed for absurd reasons such as working on the Sabbath, being gay, cursing your parents, or not being a virgin on your wedding night. In addition to these crazy and immoral laws, there are plenty of examples of God's irrationality by his direct killing of many people for reasons that defy any rational explanation such as killing children who make fun of bald people, and the killing of a man who tried to keep the ark of God from falling during transport. There are also countless examples of mass murders commanded by God, including the murder of women, infants, and children. The following passages are a very small percentage of the total passages approving of murder in the Bible. They are divided here into three parts: 1) Capital Punishment Crimes, 2) God's Murders for Stupid Reasons, 3) Murdering Children, and 4) Miscellaneous Murders. This list is long, but it barely scratches the surface of all the murders approved of in the Bible. 1) Capital Punishment Crimes: Kill People Who Don't Listen to Priests Anyone arrogant enough to reject the verdict of the judge or of the priest who represents the LORD your God must be put to death. Such evil must be purged from Israel. (Deuteronomy 17:12 NLT) Kill Witches You should not let a sorceress live. (Exodus 22:17 NAB) Kill Homosexuals "If a man lies with a male as with a women, both of them shall be put to death for their abominable deed; they have forfeited their lives." (Leviticus 20:13 NAB) Kill Fortunetellers A man or a woman who acts as a medium or fortuneteller shall be put to death by stoning; they have no one but themselves to blame for their death. (Leviticus 20:27 NAB) Death for Hitting Dad Whoever strikes his father or mother shall be put to death. (Exodus 21:15 NAB) Death for Cursing Parents 1) If one curses his father or mother, his lamp will go out at the coming of darkness. (Proverbs 20:20 NAB) 2) All who curse their father or mother must be put to death. They are guilty of a capital offense. (Leviticus 20:9 NLT) Death for Adultery If a man commits adultery with another man's wife, both the man and the woman must be put to death. (Leviticus 20:10 NLT) .. ...f Baal. Don't let a single one escape!" So the people seized them all, and Elijah took them down to the Kishon Valley and killed them there. (1 Kings 18:36-40 NLT) Kill All of Babylon "Go up, my warriors, against the land of Merathaim and against the people of Pekod. Yes, march against Babylon, the land of rebels, a land that I will judge! Pursue, kill, and completely destroy them, as I have commanded you," says the LORD. "Let the battle cry be heard in the land, a shout of great destruction". (Jeremiah 50:21-22 NLT) Micah Kills a Whole Town Then, with Micah's idols and his priest, the men of Dan came to the town of Laish, whose people were peaceful and secure. They attacked and killed all the people and burned the town to the ground. There was no one to rescue the residents of the town, for they lived a great distance from Sidon and had no allies nearby. This happened in the valley near Beth-rehob.Then the people of the tribe of Dan rebuilt the town and lived there. They renamed the town Dan after their ancestor, Israel's son, but it had originally been called Laish. (Judges 18:27-29 NLT) (Note that God approves of this slaughter in verse 6.)

Cashiering system Essay

Introduction In our generation so many things are different. The advent of technology has changed the way we live, work and spend leisure time. Computer was considered the lifeblood of society; people are everywhere. And the advancement in discoveries, both in hardware and software, keep coming, day in and day out. Technology changes and improves at a rapid pace and companies and institutions need to cope with it. This is because as the latest knowledge of development in computer technology grows people’s standard increase. people seek and crave for betterment and more efficient ways to accomplish tedious task. At the present time, people behind large and small companies adopt modern technology in order to survive and compete with markets demands. Also, through the use of this, different transactions and processing systems have become computerized for greater ease and accuracy. An automated cashiering system is any system where an input is provided and a machine or computer carries out a process that produces an output. A cashiering and student account system is a combination of software and hardware that receives call detail and service usage information, groups this information for specific accounts or customers, produces invoices, creates reports for management, and records (posts) payments made to customer accounts. 1.1 Background of Study Most institutions and establishments that researcher visit are using systems to easily cater the needs of the customers or clients. It will also provide a better service to its clientele. The system will properly accommodate the needs of the students and the parents in taking the statement of accounts. It will provide an accurate, fast and smart statement of accounts to students that are up-dated for the school administrator and the students. It will also provide students to view their own statement of accounts.  Cashiering and Student Account System has different features that would be a perfect aide for the students, school administrators, cashiers and parents as well. It can process payments and assessments of students. It can also view the remaining balance of students and can view the previous and present income collected in every department or courses. Administrators can modify the information of students and cashiers. Administrators can also monitor the user’s log, if who and what time the user (cashiers or students) used the system. Administrators can also view the history of payments and the remaining balance of students. 1.2 Statement of Objectives 1.2.1 General Objective The main objectives of this study is to design and develop an Automated Cashiering system and student account system in Madana Mohana Academy that will to make their recording fast, easy, updatable and accurate. Likewise accounting data becomes efficient with minimal accounting errors, to increase cashiering productivity. 1.2.2 Specific Objective A user-friendly computer system that can perform the following task: Develop a system that can give accurate records of the student financial records. Develop a system that can accept & calculate payments and let the user choose any particular. Print bills for individual account. Develop a system that generates accurate weekly, monthly, and yearly reports. Develop a system that Let the user allow to add, delete, and edit information. Develop a system that can store data in the database. Develop a system that let the admin to create an account. 1.3 Significance of the study Having an automated Cashiering system is not only significant for the institution but also for the employees and students as well. It is significant for the institution for all of their transaction are accelerated they can maximize the capability of their employees, they will have less  expenses, and having such system will boost their popularity. A system that accelerates transaction and automate developing of the cashiering & SAS will benefit the employees for they don’t have to waste their time recording, searching for records, writing reports, and all other manual staff therefore they can do their job at their best. It is significant for the students because they don’t have to waste time just to pay their bill and they don’t have to worry for their account because everything and all of their records are safe. 1.4 Scope and limitation Our project includes billing the students, accepts payments made, produces invoices, and creates reports for management. Our project is only limited to that transaction therefore any other system like enrollment and grading system is not included in this system. If you like to upgrade your system with that following, it will be another contract. Foreign Literature According to some inventors; An automated cashier apparatus, comprising a console having first and second compartments therein, said first and second compartments being separately and independently accessible; data entry means for accepting purchase information from a customer and data display means for displaying sale-related data to the customer; communication means for transmitting said purchase information to a remote order fulfillment means, said data entry and display means and communication means being mounted in said first compartment; means for accepting credit card purchase information; coin and currency acceptance, storage and dispensation means located in said second compartment, said second compartment comprising a tamper-resistant safe structure; said data entry and display means, credit card acceptance means and coin and currency acceptance and dispensation means being logically interconnected and controlled by microprocessor means comprising a primary microprocessor l ocated in said second compartment and a secondary microprocessor located in said first compartment, said primary microprocessor adapted to control coin and currency acceptance and dispensation and said secondary microprocessor adapted to perform order acceptance and display functions. Local Literature The Liberty Christian School is a Christian coeducational day school, named after Pastor Celis. It was established on November 28. The Liberty Christian manual enrollment and cashiering system was developed in 1993 and it’s unable to meet the growing demands for their students. Hence, it needs a re- engineering and introduce new modification for the system in accordance to the fast-changing technology. The new well – enhanced automated system of Liberty Christian School Enrollment and Cashiering System has begun this year during the second semester of 2007-2008. The new system of Liberty Christian School has improved to the unsatisfactory performance of the old system. The certain flow of our program is inputting the necessary information of the students and supply the correct output of the enrollment, and the selected accounts of the students. There are certain necessities that have been added in the system, like, a student could possibly be accelerated or dropped out from class due to failed subjects of which the student could have made up or summer classes within that year. Also, the students could promptly ask for an assessment of his/her subjects together with his/her accounts. There are typical problems of the system that has been established but because of this proposal the system is clarified and settled in some ways, such as records of students are easily updated and information are being retrieved accurately, Advancing Information Technology Research accounting data is efficient with minimal accounting errors. Also, it enhances cashiering productivity. 2.0 Review of related Literature and studies Cashiering and student account system has existed for a very long time, people has already been having transactions every day in their lives. But as the advancement of technology take over the way we live, people always seek to make things easier with the help of the machines or computer. That’s why programmers try to make everything automated to make our work easier. Methodology For developing this project we used the Systems development life cycle (SDLC). SDLC is a process used by systems analyst to develop an information system. The SDLC aims to produce a high quality system that meets or exceeds  customer expectation, reaches completion within times and cost estimates, works effectively and efficiently. SDLC can be described along spectrum of agile to iterative to sequential. But for this project we use the sequential, which is the waterfall. We used the waterfall as a guide follows its sequence of stages in which our output of each stage becomes our input for the next. These stages start with as planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. As we go on in this project we will follow this stages to derive in a successful system. Planning Our system analyst conduct series of research, visit the company, observe how their current system works, and interview many employee involve in the system as many as possible. In this phase, we aim to gather data, determined the problem, determine the cost, develop schedule, consider the need of the client, set goals and objective that will serve as a guide throughout this project. Analysis With the data gathered in the planning phase, we now use this data to make and information out of it. We will then provide solution with the problem we discovered. Describe costs and benefits and submit a preliminary plan with recommendation. We also try to communicate with the client and ask for their recommendations and how they would like their system to become. With the complete information our system analyst have gathered. She now discussed with the system designer and builders and explains everything on how the system will work. Design In this phase we now use the information and decision made in the analysis phase. Our designers job to make our project to have great user interface. We will show you the final design in the later page. Implementation This phase involved in installation, and testing the final system of course with the client’s approval. We also conduct training for the users of the system. Maintenance This is the last phase in the waterfall method; the system is already running in this phase. This phase is for some corrections and upgrades to expand the  systems capacities. When this phase is over our contract is done. But if the client request for additional function it will be an additional contract. 1.1 Requirement Analysis 1.1.1 Client/Customer Requirements By applying Agile modeling in developing our Information system, we developers observes how their current system work and conducted an initial interview. We then discuss on how we are going to upgrade their current system with the clarification with the limitations that the system that we will be making will only support student registration and accept some payment, then we are given some requirements from the client on how their system should be upgraded; Secure Data storage Password protected User-friendly Graphical User-Interface To be able to generate reports and transaction Handles payment Prints receipt 1.1.2 Performance Requirements 1.1.3 Functional requirements 1.1.4 Hardware Requirements 1.1.5 Software Requirements VISUAL BASIC.NET SQL DATABASE 2. Schedule of Activities 3. Logical Design 3.1 Entity-Relationship Diagram 3.2 Activity Diagram 3.3 Screenshots 3.4 Development 3.5 Testing 3.6 Deployment 3.7 Evaluation 3.8 Maintenance Plan 4. Result and Discussions 5. Conclusion And recommendation 6. Appendices 7. References http://www.gordonschools.aberdeenshire.sch.uk/Departments/Computing/StandardGrade/AutoSysWeb/1Introduction.htm http://www.gordonschools.aberdeenshire.sch.uk/Departments/Computing/StandardGrade/AutoSysWeb/2Advantages.htm http://www.ask.com/question/what-are-the-disadvantages-of-a-manual-system http://www.ask.com/question/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-manual-system http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_disadvantages_of_manual_systems http://www.studymode.com/essays/Related-Literature-1105941.html http://www.webgeekresources.com/ http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5183142.html 8. System Coding 3.0 4.0 Data Gathering Procedures and Output In our Data gathering since we decide to use the waterfall method we follow its phases to gather information. First, in our planning phase we search for a willing company to make their system automated, there we found the institution called Madana Mohana Academy who wants their cashiering system automated. To gather data we conduct a series of interview to the involved employee, we also ask for the management for their ideal system. After the  interview we observe how their current system works. Upon observing we notice many problems and we got an idea on what system we will develop. After the planning phase we move on to our analysis and so on. That’s how we gather data and came up with an output. 5.1 Company background Madana Mohana Academy is a private school own by Mr. George Bristol. It is a non-sectarian pro-life institution which means it is a vegetarian school bringing meat inside the campus is strictly prohibited. Its vision is to help the student to understanding their essence, position, and function as a human being, and there mission is extract the student’s full potential. MMA is a Hindu practice school. It’s been develop last 19forgoten which started as a preliminary school, but it’s been develop over the year and now they have secondary level and looking forward to be a college. MMA is a private school and has been supported by rich Hindus over the world. MMA is quite different from other school it’s like a training center. It discipline the students and guide them how to live in this world without being attach in it. Relationship with opposite sex are also prohibited. 5.2 Description of the System Cashiering and student account system is the heart of their system it is because it is where payments are made, confidential records are stored. Even though MMA has equipment and capable of having an automated system they stick to manual system because they lack the knowledge on how to get such system. They are used on having their financial system manually because they used to have less used to have less student, but now with the increasing number of students many problems occur. Billing and recording the payments of the students has been done manually, recording are put into a columnar journal, they divide the whole book and give space for each student, and receipts has been done manually by hand. As a result their employee consume all the time just by recording. As we observe, they surely need to automate their system and see the difference for themselves. 5.3 Agile modeling Diagram 5.5 Problem Areas As we observe how their system work we discover a lot of problems. With the increasing number of student they encounter many problems especially to their accounting department. It has become a problem to the institution, students, and employees. Having their system manually and records are put in a book they can’t avoid data loss, time consuming because they have to scan for the whole book just to find the particular student, prone to errors, require continuous monitoring to ensure that each transaction is accounted for, and the cost to maintain manual systems it is considerably higher due to the amount of manpower needed, Summarizing data and writing reports take lot of time, data duplication: the same data gets repeated over and over since the employees find it hard to keep track of the documents, information and transactions, lack of security: since data is stored in filing cabinets it is freely available to anyone, common errors: when entering data customers might have acc identally switched details and data since it is hand written, repetition of work: if there are any changes to be made, the data will have to be entered again. at times the worker would forget to make the changes or forget that they had already altered it and might redo it again, its again time consuming, too much paper work: since everything and every details is written down manually in paper there will be too much paper work!, space consuming: since the data and paper is stored in filing cabinets it consumes too much place, as the amount of work done on paper increases the filing cabinets too increases, slow retrieval of data: the information of students and details are stored in different parts of the record book and so takes a long time to retrieve the data. Those where the problems we discovered with just observing in a short period of time. 6.1 System Overview A School cashiering and student account system is a combination of software and hardware that receives call detail and service usage information, groups this information for specific accounts or Students, produces invoices, creates reports for management, and records (posts) payments made to customer accounts. It is also safe because it is encrypted with password therefore only admins are the only one allowed to log in. The back end of  the financial system periodically combines records from the bill pool to create a single invoice that is sent to the students. The payments are posted (recorded) in the system. This system is inexpensive to maintain and cost-effective to enhance. 6.2 Process Specification 6.2.1 Data flow Diagram Database 6.2.3 System Design/Specification User of the system is required to Log-in before he/she can access the system for confidentiality. This is the main window of the system. It compose with three main part which are the student list window, the preview window and the buttons. The student list window literally list all the student which shows the student current account. The preview window shows basic information of the student selected in the student list window. The last part are the buttons, each buttons has its own function and has its own window. This windows will accept payments from the student. It will appear when the user selected a student and click the pay button. This window will accept any payment. Each bill has its own code therefore the student can choose what bill and how much they will pay, when the user click the pay button, a receipt will be printed and the data is updated in the database. This is the user account form it will appear if the add user account button a child button of the add button. It is use to create user account that can be able to access the system.